定语从句常见易错考点揭秘

贵州 岑耀坤

定语从句常见易错考点揭秘

贵州 岑耀坤

一、专题演练

请你修改你同桌写的作文。文中共有8处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

My father，who are a well-known doctor in our small town，always works hard. He devotes most of his spare time to reading，that makes him knowledgeable. I still remember one day last month he stayed at home reading as usual. Suddenly，he received a phone call and then rushed to the hospital to where he works there. He was told there came a woman patient but the doctor on duty couldn’t find the reason which she was so seriously ill. My father immediately started to work and finally saved her life. The patient later came to thank my father，without whom help she said she would have been dead. In general，I’m very proud of my father，which has set a good example to me.

【答案与解析】

1. 第一句将are改为is。定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致，该句中先行词“My father”是单数。故应将are改为is。

2. 第二句将that改为which。which引导的非限制性定语从句可指代整个主句的内容，which可译为“这一点”，该句中的“which”在定语从句中充当主语。

3. 第三句在month后加when。先行词“one day”在定语从句中充当时间状语，从句应用when 引导。

4. 第四句去掉第二个to和去掉there。where引导定语从句替代先行词“the hospital”，在从句中作地点状语，其前面不用介词。另外，where在从句中充当地点状语时，句中的there属于成分重复，应去掉。

5. 第五句将which改为why或者在which前加for。当先行词“reason”在限制性定语从句中充当原因状语时，从句应用why或for which引导。

6. 第七句将whom改为whose。先行词“my father”在从句中作名词help的定语，应用whose引导从句。

7. 第八句将which改为who。指人的先行词“my father”在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，应用who引导从句。

二、易错考点揭秘

（一）关系词被误用

【典例】1. He was very rude to the Customs officer，who of course made things even worse.

【解析】将who改为which。which引导非限制性定语从句，可指代整个主句的内容，通常置于主句之后，which在从句中可充当主语或宾语，可译为“这一点”。该句中的“the Customs officer”并不是先行词，which指代的是整个主句的内容。

【典例】2. Is this the reason why he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？

【解析】去掉why或将why改为that/which。先行词“the reason”在限制性定语从句中充当原因状语时，应用why或for which引导从句，但当先行词“the reason”在从句中作主语或宾语时，应用that/which引导从句。该句中的先行词“the reason”在从句中充当explained的宾语，应用that或which引导从句，也可省略。……