种植年限对新疆南部果园土壤养分变化的影响

李志军++唐光木++孙霞++徐志恒

摘 要：通过比较新疆南部不同种植年限下枣园和核桃园土壤的养分含量变化，分析不同种植年限对枣园和核桃园土壤养分含量的影响，以期对南疆果园土壤管理及产业可持续发展提供理论依据。结果表明，随着种植年限的增加，枣园土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效磷指标含量均表现为先增加后减小的趋势，与枣树树龄有显著的相关性，有机质含量在盛果期较幼龄期增加了42.19%，盛果期碱解氮较幼龄期和老龄期分别增加了24.05%和32.59%。不同树龄期速效钾差异不明显；随着树龄的增加，核桃园土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾呈现先增加后减小的趋势，盛果期有机质较老龄期增加了43.06%，老龄期核桃园土壤全氮平均含量最低，较对照降低了10.91%，差异性不明显；速效钾变化在各树龄间无明显差异。总体上看，研究区土壤有机质、氮、磷养分元素缺乏，已成为可能影响果园产量和品质进一步提高的主要因子之一。

关键词：种植年限；果园；新疆；土壤；养分

中图分类号：Q938.1+3 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.05.005

Effect of Planting Years on Soil Nutrient Changes in Southern Xinjiang Orchard

LI Zhijun1，TANG Guangmu2，SUN Xia1，XU Zhiheng1

（1.College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences， Xinjiang Agriculture University， Urumqi， Xinjiang 830052， China；2 Research Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation， Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Urumqi， Xinjiang 830091， China）

Abstract： By comparison of the soil content changes under different planting years of jujube and walnut orchard in southern Xinjiang and the impact of different planting years on soil nutrient content of jujube and walnut orchard was analyzed， it will provide the theoretical basis for soil management and sustainable development of the industry. The results showed that with increasing of planting years， the content of organic， total nitrogen， alkali solution nitrogen and available phosphorus indicators of the jujube soil showed the trend of first increased and then decreased， and had significant correlation with the jujube years. The organic content in the full fruit period increased 42.19% compared with the young period full fruit period， alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen compared with the young period and aging period increased by 24.05% and 32.59%. Different ages of available potassium were not significantly different. With the increase of years， the organic， total nitrogen， alkali solution nitrogen and available potassium of the walnut orchard soil showed the trend of first increase and then decrease， organic of full fruit period increased 43.06% than the aging period， average total nitrogen content of aged walnut orchard soil was the lowest， compared with control reducing by 10.91%. Changes of available potassium in each year had no significant difference. On the whole， the soil organic， nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements in the research area are lack， and it has become one of the main factors that may affects the yield and quality of orchard.

Key words： planting years； orchard； Xinjiang； soil； nutrient

新疆南部是世界落叶果树的最佳适生栽培区域之一，目前环塔里木盆地已建成107万hm2的特色林果基地，林果业已成为新疆新的经济增长点和农民增收的重要手段[1]。位于塔里木盆地泽普县是新疆林果生产基地之一，林果种植历史久远，其种植管理已形成了较为成熟的体系。凭借得天独厚的自然条件，泽普县的林果种植面积不断扩大，林果已成为该地区促进发展的重要经济要素，林果产业已成为促进地区经济发展，增加农民收入，改善区域生态环境的支柱产业。……