金骏 孙晨 王文伟 江勇
【摘要】 测控应答机是航天器测控通信分系统的核心组成部分,配合地面测控网完成对航天器的测距测速,以及传输遥控、遥测等信息的任务。各类航天器测控通信分系统所采用的测控应答机,其工作频率、工作带宽、码速率、调制体制、编码体制和测距体制各不相同。采用软件无线电技术,利用软件可重配置、可重编程以及多频带多模式的特点,可实现测控应答机的通用化和小型化。本文介绍了软件无线电技术在测控应答机中的应用方法及研究进展,介绍了软件无线电应答机的抗辐照设计,最后介绍了自主无线电技术在未来深空探测应答机中的应用前景。
【关键词】 测控应答机 软件无线电 测控通信 自主无线电Application of Software Radio Technology in Aerospace TT&C; Transponder
Jin Jun, Sun Chen, Wang Wenwei, Jiang Yong
Abstract: TT&C; transponder is core part of spacecraft C&T; subsystem and it can finish the tasks of measuring range & velocity of a spacecraft, transmitting telecommand & telemetry information, etc. in cooperation with ground TT&C; network. TT&C; transponders in different spacecraft C&T; subsystems have various operating frequency, operating bandwidth, bit rate, modulation system, coding system and ranging system. Universalization and miniaturization of TT&C; transponders can be realized by taking advantage of software reconfiguration, reprogramming and multi-band multi-mode characteristics of software defined radio (SDR) technology. This article introduced application methods and research progress of SDR technology in TT&C; transponders. Radiation resistant design of SDR TT&C; transponders is also described. Finally the article introduced the application prospect of autonomous radio technology in future deep space TT&C; transponders.
Key Words: TT&C; transponder, software defined radio, C&T;, autonomous radio
一、引言
测控应答机是航天器(卫星、飞船、探测器)测控通信(C&T;)分系统的核心组成部分,是航天器与地面站之间进行通信联络的主要通道之一,配合地面测控网完成对航天器的测控(TT&C;)任务。测控应答机的主要功能如下:
1、对来自地面站的测距和测速信号进行转发,完成地面对航天器的跟踪及轨道测量;
2、接收来自地面站的遥控信息;
3、将航天器上的各类遥测数据发送至地面站。
各类航天器测控通信分系统所采用的测控应答机,其工作频率、工作带宽、码速率、调制体制、编码体制和测距体制各不相同。就工作频率而言,主要有S波段、C波段、X波段、 Ka波段四种;就调制体制而言,分PM/PM体制、FM/PM体制、扩频体制等;就编码体制而言,有PCM、PPM、ADPCM、PACM等;……