一种降低节点能量开销的ZigBee路由算法优化

2016-05-14 01:22:24焦慧平孔国利
现代电子技术 2016年8期

焦慧平 孔国利

摘 要: 为解决ZigBee网络由于不合理的路由策略导致节点能量浪费和网络陷入局部死亡的问题,提出一种降低节点能量开销的ZBR路由算法。所提ZBR优化算法在路由发送阶段,利用节点自动维护的邻居表信息,优先实现两跳路由传输;在路由发现过程中,根据最大传输跳数和节点间的父子关系,控制ZigBee网络中RN+节点RREQ分组的洪泛,减少能量浪费;在路由选择时,设计节点能量标志位和能量感知的路由成本函数,减少能量偏低节点的使用概率,降低网络开销和提高节点生存率。通过与原ZBR算法及其他几种改进ZBR算法进行剩余能量和节点生存率对比仿真实验,结果表明:改进的ZBR算法的平均剩余能量提高了7.74%,在网络运行80 s时节点生存率提高了20.29%,也高于其他几种改进ZBR算法,该算法可有效减少网络能量消耗,大大提高节点生存率。

关键词: ZigBee网络; 路由策略; 能量开销; 能量标志; 节点生存率

中图分类号: TN926?34; TP393.2 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2016)08?0068?04

Optimization of a ZigBee routing algorithm for reducing node energy consumption

JIAO Huiping, KONG Guoli

(Information Engineering College, Zhongzhou University, Zhengzhou 450044, China)

Abstract: Due to unreasonable routing algorithm, the ZigBee networks encounter node energy over?consumption and partial death. To solve these problems, a ZigBee routing(ZBR) optimization algorithm for reducing node energy consumption is proposed. The proposed ZBR optimization algorithm, in the routing delivery stage, makes use the nodes to maintain neighbor table information automatically, and takes priority for a two?hop routing transmission; in the discovery process of routing, controls the RREQ packet of RN+ node to reduce energy dissipation according to the maximum hop number and the father?son relationship among the nodes; during routing selection, adds energy flags to the RN? node to reduce the transmission probability of low energy nodes and utilizes an energy?aware routing cost function designed to cut down the network energy cost and improve the node's survival rate. Compared with the original ZBR algorithm and several other improved ZBR algorithms of the residual energy and node survival rate in the simulation experiment, the average remaining energy of the improved ZBR algorithm is increased by 7.74% and the node survival rate is increased by 20.29% in 80 s running of the network. The algorithm can effectively reduce the network's energy consumption and improve node's survival rate.

Keywords: ZigBee network; routing strategy; energy expenditure; energy flag; node survival rate

0 引 言

ZigBee是一种短距离、低功耗和低速率的无线通信技术,ZigBee网络节点主要依靠电池供电,由于节点体积小,节点的能量十分有限[1],所以降低网络能耗是解决阻碍ZigBee网络应用发展的关键。ZigBee无线网络根据拓扑结构的不同主要采用AODVjr路由和Cluster?tree路由两种算法[2]。Cluster?tree算法是静态路由算法,由簇树之间的父子关系进行路由,但路由效率较低,能量开销和服务时延较大。AODVjr算法则通过大量洪泛来寻找最优路由路径,其路由开销较大。ZBR(ZigBee routing)算法结合了两种算法特性,以求满足不同的应用需求,是当前最适用于ZigBee无线网络的算法[3?4]。……

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