上饶早梨主栽品种离体快繁体系的建立

夏华炎 徐路 肖虹 尹明华 洪森荣

摘要：【目的】建立上饶早梨主栽品种六月雪和黄皮消的离体快繁技术体系，为上饶早梨试管苗的快速繁殖提供参考依据。【方法】对六月雪和黄皮消进行组织培养，筛选适宜的外植体、灭菌方式、培养基和移栽基质。【结果】六月雪和黄皮消理想的外植体为长7.0～8.0 cm的新生幼嫩带芽茎段，理想的灭菌方式为75%酒精消毒1.0 min+0.1%氯化汞消毒10～12 min，理想的腋芽诱导培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IBA，理想的不定芽增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L KT+0.2 mg/L NAA，繁殖系数为3.6～3.8，理想的不定芽生根培养基为1/2MS+0.3 mg/L NAA+0.3 mg/L PP333+0.5 g/L AC（活性炭），理想的试管苗移栽基质为泥炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石=4∶1∶1或腐殖土∶珍珠岩=5∶1，移栽后浇灌含0.5 mg/L PP333的MS基本培养液可显著提高试管苗成活率（P<0.05），驯化移栽成活率在90.0%以上。【结论】建立的六月雪和黄皮消离体快繁体系，可供上饶早梨组培苗工厂化生产参考利用。

关键词： 上饶早梨；主栽品种；离体快繁体系

中图分类号： S661.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2016）09-1547-06

Abstract：【Objective】The present study was conducted to establish in vitro rapid propagation system of main cultivars of Shangrao early pear namely Liuyuexue and Huangpixiao， in order to provide reference for rapid propagation of test-tube plantlet of Shangrao early pear. 【Method】Tissue culture of Liuyuexue and Huangpixiao was conducted， suitable explants， disinfection method， culture medium and transplanting matrices were selected. 【Result】Results showed that ideal explant of Liuyuexue and Huangpixiao was new young stems with buds of 7.0-8.0 cm in length； ideal disinfection method was 75% alcohol for 1.0 min+0.1% mercuric chloride for 10-12 min； ideal axillary bud induction medium was MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IBA； ideal adventitious bud proliferation culture medium was MS+1.0 mg/L KT+0.2 mg/L NAA with coefficient being 3.6-3.8； ideal adventitious buds rooting culture medium was 1/2MS+0.3 mg/L NAA+0.3 mg/L PP333+0.5 g/L AC（active carbon）， ideal transplanting matrix of plantlets was peat∶perlite∶vermiculite=4∶1∶1 or humus soil∶perlite=5∶1. After transplanting， watering MS culture fluid containing 0.5 mg/L PP333 could significantly improve survival rate of plantlets（P<0.05），which was up to 90.0%. 【Conclusion】The established in vitro rapid propagation system of Liuyuexue and Huangpixiao can provide reference for factory production of tissue culture seedling of Shangrao early pear.

Key words： Shangrao early pear； main cultivar； in vitro rapid propagation system

0 引言

【研究意義】上饶早梨是江西省上饶县地方早熟梨品种，也是我国早熟梨种质资源中的特有种质，果大皮薄，色白光滑，肉质细嫩，汁多渣少，味甜微酸，酥脆可口，抗氧化性强，去皮或切开后过夜不黄。上饶早梨含可溶性固形物13.7%、糖11.2%、酸0.82%，具有生津润肺、清热化痰、解热消暑等功效，既是夏令佳品，又是中成药雪梨膏的最佳原料（胡正月等，2000）。近年来，由于上饶早梨生产、包装成本较高，农民的生产积极性受到影响，致使栽培管理粗放，树形杂乱（周爱贤和蒋群华，2014），树势老化，病虫为害严重，对江西省果业发展产生了不利影响。实际生产中，上饶早梨主要通过嫁接繁殖（周爱贤和蒋群华，2014），存在育种周期长、繁殖系数低、成本高、品种易退化等缺点，而采用组织培养方法对上饶早梨主栽品种进行离体快繁，可克服以上缺点。……