生境及气象因子对南瓜实蝇雄成虫数量动态的影响

李磊 牛黎明 张方平 韩冬银 陈俊谕 符悦冠

摘 要 监测不同生境下南瓜实蝇雄成虫的数量动态，分析影响南瓜实蝇数量变动的关键气象因子。结果表明：生境和气象因子显著影响南瓜实蝇雄虫的数量动态。混合菜地、园林区以及混合果园诱集的南瓜实蝇雄虫数量多于住宅区、农贸市场、苦瓜种植地同期诱集的雄虫数；通过逐步回归分析和通径分析得出影响南瓜实蝇雄虫数量动态的气象因子有月平均气温、月平均气压、月平均相对湿度、月最小相对湿度和月日照时数，其中月平均温度是影响其数量动态的最关键气象因子。基于本研究的结果，建议对南瓜实蝇的防控应不仅仅局限在具有其寄主植物的生境，而应根据监测的数据对其他生境的南瓜实蝇进行一并治理。

关键词 南瓜实蝇；生境；气象因子；数量动态

中图分类号 S433 文献标识码 A

Effect of Habitats and Climatic Factors on the Quantitative

Dynamics of Male Bactrocera tau（Walker）

LI Lei， NIU Liming， ZHANG Fangping， HAN Dongyin， CHEN Junyu， FU Yueguan*

Environment and Plant Protection Institute， CATAS / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management

for Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China

Abstract The quantitative dynamics of male B. tau were monitored in different habitats. Then the key climatic factors affecting the quantitative fluctuation of B. tau were analyzed. The results showed that habitats and climatic factors significantly influenced the quantitative dynamics of male B. tau. The number of B. tau in the mixed vegetable plot， landscape area and mixed fruit orchard were more than those in the residential area， farmers market and field planted bitter gourd. The stepwise regression analysis and path analysis indicated that the quantitative fluctuation of male B. tau was controlled by mean monthly temperature， monthly atmospheric pressure， monthly relative humidity， monthly minimum relative humidity and monthly sunlight hours， hereinto， mean monthly temperature was the most important factors. Based on these results， the control of B. tau was not limited in its hostplant habitats. Bactrocera tau should be managed in other habitats arrcording to its monitoring data.

Key words Bactrocera tau； Habitat； Climatic factor； Quantitative dynamics

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2016.09.022

南瓜实蝇（Bactrocera tau）是一种世界性的检疫性害虫，最早于1849年在中国报道，现广泛分布在东南亚、南太平洋地区[1-4]。在中国，该虫主要分布在海南、广东、广西、福建、台湾、云南、贵州、四川、重庆、浙江、江西、湖北、湖南等地，其中华南和西南地区的省市受害最为严重[1-2，5]。南瓜实蝇寄主植物广泛，可为害16个科80多种蔬菜和水果，尤其嗜好为害葫芦科植物果实[2，6]。该虫偏好将卵产于果实表皮下层组织中，幼虫孵化后果实内部蛀食，常常导致果实提前黄化、畸形或脱落，严重影响果实的产量和品质[2，7]，进而造成严重的经济损失[8-9]。

摸清南瓜实蝇的发生动态和影响其发生动态的气象因子有助于规划科学的防治对策。……