玉米自交系灰斑病抗性配合力及遗传分析

吴雯雯 欧杨虹 张振良 吴永升

摘要：【目的】分析CML系列玉米自交系的灰斑病抗性配合力并进行遗传参数估计，为进一步选育抗灰斑病玉米新品种提供参考。【方法】以6份CML系列玉米自交系（CML373、CML390、CML442、CML488、CML489和CML204）为材料，按Griffing双列杂交试验设计方法Ⅳ组配15个杂交组合，对玉米自交系及其配置的杂交组合的灰斑病抗性进行配合力分析。【结果】6份玉米自交系一般配合力（GCA）效应差异极显著（P<0.01，下同），自交系CML373和CML390的GCA效应为负向效应，以CML390的负向效应最大；CML442、CML488、CML489和CML204的GCA效应为正向效应，CML204的正向效应最大。15个杂交组合特殊配合力（SCA）效应差异极显著，组合CML373×CML204的SCA负向效应最大，组合CML442×CML204的SCA正向效应最大。玉米灰斑病抗性遗传加性方差为3.63，显性方差为0.21，广义遗传力为93.74%，狭义遗传力为88.52%。【结论】CML390组配的各组合抗性表现及SCA效应均较优。玉米灰斑病的抗性遗传以加性效应为主，同时存在一定的非加性效应，性状表现受环境影响较明显。

关键词： 玉米；自交系；灰斑病；配合力；遗传参数

中图分类号： S435.131 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2016）08-1313-05

Abstract：【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to investigate combining ability of resistance to grey leaf spot of maize inbred lines and estimate relevant genetic parameter， in order to provide reference for breeding new maize variety with resistance to grey leaf spot. 【Method】According to Griffing diallele experimental method Ⅳ， six maize inbred lines（CML373， CML390， CML442， CML488， CML489 and CML204） were used as materials to obtain 15 cross combinations. Then， their combining abilities were analyzed， and the genetic parameters were estimated. 【Result】The results showed that， there were significant differences in general combining ability（GCA） effects of 6 maize inbred lines（P<0.01， the same below）. CML373 and CML390 had the highest negative GCA effect. CML442， CML488， CML489 and CML204 had positive GCA effect， especially CML204 with the highest positive GCA effect. The special combining ability（SCA） effects of 15 cross combinations were extremely significantly different. Cross combination CML373×CML204 showed the highest negative SCA effect， but cross combination CML442×CML204 showed the highest positive SCA effect. Furthermore， as for maizes resistance to grey leaf spot， the genetic additive variance was 3.63， the genetic dominant variance was 0.21， the broad-sense heritability was 93.74%， while the narrow-sense heritability was 88.52%. 【Conclusion】All cross combinations with CML390 have better disease resistance and SCA effect than other cross combinations. Genetics of resistance to grey leaf spot is mainly controled by additive effect， but aslo there is certain non-additive effect， and the phenotypic expression is influenced by environment greatly.

Key words： maize； inbred line； grey leaf spot； combining ability； genetic parameter

0 引言

【研究意義】玉米灰斑病是由玉蜀黍尾孢菌（Gercospora zeae-maydis Tehon & Daniels）引发的玉米主要叶部病害（Danson et al.， 2008；Sibiya et al.， 2012；张小飞等，2014），发病严重的地块常造成大面积减产。通过玉米科研工作者的努力，我国在玉米大小斑病、矮花叶病和纹枯病等玉米抗病育种研究方面取得了较大进展，缓解了我国育成玉米品种抗病性差的问题。自交系选育是玉米杂交育种的基础，配合力测定是玉米品种选育的重要环节，科学地预测自交系的配合力表现有利于提高育种效率（沈强云等，2005）。国际玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）是公益性的国际研究机构，其服务宗旨是通过项目资助推动玉米、小麦品种和先进农业技术在南美洲、非洲和亚洲等发展中国家的推广与使用，该中心选育并保存的种质资源蕴含着丰富的灰斑病抗性材料（Ward et al.， 1999），因此，发掘CIMMYT玉米自交系抗灰斑病资源，研究玉米自交系灰斑病抗性并对病害的遗传参数进行深入分析，对合理组配玉米杂交组合具有重要意义。……