四川攀西干热河谷区芒果叶中芒果苷含量变化规律研究

韦会平 赵牧 田金凤 李勇 刘文权 王丹 何妍羲

摘要：【目的】了解四川攀西干熱河谷地区芒果叶中芒果苷含量的变化规律，为该地区优质芒果种植基地的芒果叶开发利用及芒果苷产品研发提供参考依据。【方法】采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）标准曲线法，按《中华人民共和国药典（一部）》要求对采集的各芒果叶样品进行精密测定，分析比较不同产地、品种、老嫩程度、生长季节和储藏期芒果叶中芒果苷含量的差异。【结果】四川攀西地区芒果叶中芒果苷含量分别比海南三亚和广西百色地区高0.8和1.7倍；品种对芒果叶中芒果苷含量有极显著影响（P<0.01，下同），以乳芒最高（6.35%），其次为金白花（4.63%）和攀育2号（4.61%），最低为红苹（1.41%）；叶片越嫩，其芒果苷含量越高，嫩叶中芒果苷含量分别是成熟叶、老叶和黄落叶的1.5、2.2和6.2倍；初花期和盛果期叶片中芒果苷含量极显著高于休眠期和营养生长期；在储藏的前3个月，芒果叶中芒果苷含量无显著变化（P>0.05），从第6个月开始极显著下降，储藏1年左右的芒果叶中芒果苷含量下降约53%。【结论】产地、品种、季节、老嫩程度和储藏期均对芒果叶中芒果苷含量有显著影响，可选择攀西地区的乳芒、金白花、攀育2号等品种初花期至盛果期的嫩叶或成熟叶作为芒果苷提取的优质原料。

关键词： 芒果叶；芒果苷；含量变化；攀西地区

中图分类号： S646.19 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2016）12-2134-05

Abstract：【Objective】The present study was conducted to investigate the variation rules of mangiferin of mango leaves in dry-hot valley area in Panxi region， Sichuan province， in order to provide references for exploitation of mango leaves and development of mangiferin products in mango planting areas in Panxi region. 【Method】Using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） standard curve method， collected mango leaf samples were determined accurately according to standards in Pharmacopoeia of the Peoples Republic of China（Part One）. Mangiferin contents in mangos of different producing areas， varieties， maturities， growth seasons and storage periods were analyzed. 【Result】The mangiferin content in mango leaves in Panxi region was 0.8 times more than that in Sanya and 1.7 times more than that in Baise. Variety made significant difference（P<0.01， the same below） in mangiferin content in mango leaves. Mangiferin content in Milk Mans was the highest（6.35%）， followed by White Gold（4.63%） and PY2（4.61%）； it was the lowest in Red Apple（1.41%）. The older the mango leaves became， the less mangiferin content was detected. Mangiferin content in tender leaves was as 1.5 times as that in mature leaves， 2.2 times in old leaves and 6.2 times in defoliation. Mangiferin contents at flowering period and fruiting period were significantly higher than those at dormancy period and nutrient growing period. In the first three months of storage， there was no significant changes（P>0.05） in mangiferin contents. From the sixth month of storage， the mangiferin contents started to decline and decreased by 53% after one year of storage. 【Conclusion】Producing area， variety， maturity， growth season and storage period can influence mangiferin contents in mango leaves significantly. Tender leaves and mature leaves of Milk Mans， White Gold and PY2 at flowering period and fruiting period in Panxi region are quality materials for mangiferin extraction.

Key words： mango leaves； mangiferin； content variation； Panxi region

0 引言

【研究意義】四川省攀枝花市和西昌市低山区（合称攀西地区）地处南亚热带干热河谷气候带，该地区种植的芒果具有纤维少、味甜芳香、质地腻滑、营养丰富的优良品质，占据国内晚熟芒果市场，被国家列为今后重点扶持发展的优质农产品商品生产基地。芒果叶中富含芒果苷（邹登峰等，2010；胥秀英等，2011），芒果苷具有抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、增强免疫、降血糖、降尿酸、护肝利胆、祛痰止咳、抗炎镇痛等多种药理作用（Pardo-Andreu et al.，2006；……