邢建宏 冯永涛 黄应德 刘希华



摘要:【目的】筛选无患子茎段离体快繁最佳培养基,建立无患子优良种苗快速繁育体系。【方法】以野外选优获得的无患子树带腋芽茎段为外植体,采用L9(33)正交试验对影响外植体灭菌的HgCl2浓度、HgCl2与酒精的作用时间,不定芽诱导萌发中的6-BA、NAA及蔗糖用量,继代增殖中6-BA与KT用量和芽苗生根中的MS培养基无机盐水平、6-BA和2,4-D用量进行优化。【结果】75%酒精浸泡1 min,再用0.2% HgCl2处理7 min是无患子茎段灭菌的最佳方法,其外植体成活率高达83.33%;MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+20.0 g/L蔗糖是无患子茎段腋芽萌发的适宜培养基,诱导率高达96.67%;MS+0.7 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L KT是无患子茎段腋芽增殖的适宜培养基,30 d可增殖4.13倍;1/3 MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.7 mg/L 2,4-D是诱导芽苗生根的适宜培养基,平均生根率为41.50%。【结论】建立的无患子离体培养体系为:外植体茎段用75%酒精浸泡1 min,再用0.2% HgCl2灭菌7 min,在MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+20.0 g/L蔗糖培养基中诱导腋芽萌发,在MS+0.7 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L KT培养基中进行增殖培养,在1/3MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.7 mg/L 2,4-D培养基中进行生根培养。
关键词: 无患子;茎段;组织培养体系
中图分类号: S722.8 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-1191(2016)11-1903-06
Abstract:【Objective】In this paper, the optimal medium of in vitro rapid propagation was selected in order to establish rapid culture system for Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn seedlings. 【Method】Taking S. mukorossi selective stems with axillary buds as explants,the concentration of HgCl2, action time of HgCl2 and alcohol in explants sterilization, the contents of 6-BA, NAA and sucrose in adventitious bud induction, the dosages of 6-BA and KT in shoot proliferation, and inorganic salt levels in MS, dosages of 6-BA and 2,4-D in seedling rooting was optimized by orthogonal experiment design L9(33). 【Result】The optimum stem sterilization method for S. mukorossi was as follows: immersing the stem in 75% alcohol for 1 min, and sterilized with 0.2% HgCl2 for 7 min. After this treatment, survival rate of explants was 83.33%. MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+20.0 g/L sucrose was the most appropriate culture medium for axillary bud induction, and the induction rate was 96.67%. MS+0.7 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L KT was the best culture medium for axillary bud proliferation, and the proliferation multiple was 4.13 times after 30 days. 1/3MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.7 mg/L 2,4-D was the best culture medium for rooting,and the average rooting rate was 41.50%. 【Conclusion】The in vitro culture system of S. mukorossi established preliminarily is as follows: immersing the stem explants in 75% alcohol for 1 min, sterilizing them with 0.2% HgCl2 7 min, using medium of MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+20.0 g/L sucrose to induce axillary bud germination, putting them in MS+0.7 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L KT medium for multiplication culture, and using 1/3MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.7 mg/L 2,4-D medium for rooting.
Key words: Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn; stem; tissue culture system
0 引言
【研究意义】无患子(Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn)又名木患子、洗手果、油患子,为无患子科(Sapindaceae)落叶乔木(中国科学院中国植物志编委会,1998),其种仁含油率在40%以上,是生产生物柴油的理想原料(罗艳和刘梅,2007),其假种皮中含37%皂素,是生产农药乳化剂(录丽平等,2010)和纯天然洗涤产品(徐凯节等,2013)的优良原料;果皮提取物具有抗菌防癌功效,在医药保健领域极具开发潜力(Takagi et al.,1980;Tamura和史青,2002);树形优美,是优良的园林绿化树种和高档用材树种(黄素梅等,2009;周爱红,2011)。近年来,无患子已在台湾、福建及四川等地开始规模化种植,但优质种苗供应严重不足。……