木瓜秀粉蚧在海南的适生性及空间分布型研究

卢辉 卢芙萍 梁晓 伍春玲 陈青

摘 要 木瓜秀粉蚧是热带和亚热带地区重要的危险性害虫，本研究利用最大熵模型（MaxEnt）和地理信息系统（GIS）软件，依据该虫的分布数据和20个环境因子预测其在海南的适生性，并对木瓜秀粉蚧在木薯地中的空间分布型进行了分析。结果表明：木瓜秀粉蚧在海南的高度适生区主要有陵水、乐东、东方、昌江、海口西部等地，模型的AUC值为0.982，表明该模型预测结果可靠；影响其分布的主要环境因子有年均降水量、最冷季度平均温度、年温度变化范围和最湿润季度降水量等，因子贡献率分别为23.7%、16.5%、14.2%和12.1%；用聚集度指标法确定木瓜秀粉蚧在木薯上一定密度下的空间分布为聚集分布，并采用m*-m回归法和Taylor幂法则对其进行了验证；成虫在木薯植株上的分布，表现为上、中层的虫口密度显著高于下层。研究结果对提高木瓜秀粉蚧的监测和防控水平具有指导意义。

关键词 木瓜秀粉蚧；海南；最大熵模型；适生性评价；空间分布型

中图分类号 S431 文献标识码 A

Abstract Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink is one of the most serious pests in tropical and subtropical regions. In this paper，the areas of potential geographic distribution and the suitability level in Hainan for P. marginatus was predicted using MaxEnt and ArcGIS software，based on which the distribution of P. marginatus and 20 environmental factors，and spatial pattern of P. marginatus in cassava field was researched. The results showed that the optimum suitable areas in Hainan was mainly in Lingshui，Ledong，Dongfang，Changjiang，western Haikou，and other areas，and the AUC value of MaxEnt ecological niche models reached 0. 982，indicating that the predicted results was fairly well. Results showed that annual precipitation（the contribution rate is 23.7%），mean temperature of coldest quarter（16.5%），temperature seasonality（14.2%）and precipitation of wettest quarter（12.1%） were the forcing environmental factors. The results showed that the adults of P. marginatus presented an aggregated distribution under certain density condition，and results were tested by m*-m regression formulations and power law of Taylor using related aggregation index. Furthermore，the number of P. marginatus on the upper or middle of cassava was significantly greater than on the lower part. This study would provide technical support for the long-term and efficient monitoring of the occurrence and harm of P. marginatus.

Key words Paracoccus marginatus；Hainan；MaxEnt model；Suitability evaluation；Spatial pattern

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2016.10.019

木瓜秀粉蚧（Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink）又名木瓜粉蚧，属于半翅目（Hemiptera）粉蚧科（Pseudococcidae），是亚热带和热带地区重要的危险性粉蚧之一，也是世界上重要的检疫性有害生物[1]。木瓜秀粉蚧于1992年在墨西哥首次被发现，1995年在圣马丁的加勒比海岛屿也发现了该粉蚧[2]，2000年该粉蚧扩散到加勒比海的13个国家，之后很快扩散到美国的佛罗里达州、中南美洲、非洲和澳大利亚等多个国家[3-6]，此后，泰国、印度、马来西亚、斯里兰卡和中国等亚洲国家也相继爆发为害[7-11]。……