爆炸下钢柱破坏时间及残余承载力对钢框架连续倒塌的影响

2016-06-07 00:36李国强杨涛春陆勇陈素文
湖南大学学报·自然科学版 2016年5期

李国强+杨涛春+陆勇+陈素文

摘 要:建立钢框架连续倒塌单自由度(SDOF)分析模型,研究钢柱破坏时间及其残余承载力对钢框架连续倒塌的影响规律,发现钢柱破坏时间越长、残余承载力越大,结构位移响应越小.以SDOF模型响应的理论解为基础,得出在钢框架倒塌计算中是否考虑钢柱破坏时间的界限标准:当钢柱破坏时间与连续倒塌的SDOF模型周期比τ<0.2时,可忽略破坏时间的影响;当τ>3.0时,可采用静力方法计算结构响应;当0.2<τ<3.0时,需考虑破坏时间对结构连续倒塌的影响.通过对钢柱等效SDOF模型的理论分析,当其抗力模型分别为理想弹塑性和刚塑性条件时,求得柱子破坏时间的近似计算方法,并以爆炸作用后柱子变形为初始状态,结合数值方法给出钢柱残余承载力计算过程.通过对钢柱的破坏时间和残余承载力对结构倒塌影响的算例分析,表明钢柱的破坏时间(越长)和残余承载力(越大)对结构抗倒塌起有利作用,在结构抗倒塌计算时不可忽略.

关键词:钢框架; 连续倒塌; 破坏时间; 残余承载力; 单自由度模型

中图分类号:TU312.3 文献标识码:A

文章编号:1674-2974(2016)05-0001-08

Abstract:The influence law of failure time and residual bearing capacity of the steel columns on progressive collapse of steel frames was studied by using a single degree of freedom (SDOF) model. The displacement of the steel frames decreases as the failure time and residual bearing capacity of the steel columns increase. On the basis of the theoretical solution of the SDOF model, boundary condition of the model was determined to consider the failure time effect. τ was defined as the ratio of the failure time to natural period of the SDOF model. For τ<0.2, the failure time can be ignored. For τ>3.0, a static method can be used to estimate the structure behavior. However, for 0.2<τ<3.0, the failure time should be considered in the progressive collapse analysis. When the resistance model is ideal elastic-plastic and rigid-plastic, the equivalent SDOF model of the steel columns can be theoretically analyzed to determine the calculation method of the failure time. Considering the deformation of the steel columns after explosion as the initial state, the calculation process for the residual bearing capacity of the steel columns is gained by combining with numerical calculations. The results show that the failure time and residual bearing capacity significantly influence on the progressive collapse of the steel frames, and those effects should be considered in the progressive collapse analysis.

Key words:steel frame; progressive collapse; failure time; residual bearing capabicity; single degree of freedom model

在爆炸作用下,构件破坏虽然持续时间很短,但并非均可简化为瞬间发生,同时,破坏构件或具有一定残余承载力.事实上破坏时间及残余承载力的存在将直接影响个别构件破坏后整体结构的响应形式.由于拆除构件法假定构件在瞬间被移除[[1-3],忽略了破坏时间和残余承载力的影响,从而影响到构件破坏后整体结构响应计算结果的准确度[4-5].为提高评估钢柱损伤后钢框架抗连续性倒塌能力的准确性和可靠性,需要考虑钢柱破坏时间和残余承载力的影响.

钢柱的破坏时间是爆炸作用后柱轴力快速下降的反应时间,它主要影响结构的动力效应,破坏时间越短动力效应将越大.柱残余承载力指柱受爆炸破坏后残余的轴向承载力,在爆炸作用后,有关柱子残余承载力的研究相对较少,仅国外对混凝土柱有少量研究.Wu[[6-7],Bao[[8]等对爆炸作用后混凝土柱的残余承载力进行了数值研究,并试验验证了结果的合理性,同时,通过参数化分析拟合出了RC柱的残余承载力计算公式.

通过建立框架结构连续倒塌的单自由度分析模型,研究柱子破坏时间和残余承载力对结构连续倒塌的影响,给出是否考虑破坏时间的界限标准;通过对钢柱的等效单自由度模型的理论分析, 根据其抗力模型分别为理想弹塑性和刚塑性条件,给出柱子破坏时间近似计算方法,并以爆炸作用后柱子变形为初始状态,给出钢柱残余承载力计算方法.