学校体育的目标：“健康”乎？“强壮”乎？

王岗　李卓嘉　雷学会

摘 要：针对我国青少年体质不断下降的问题，以学校体育目标为研究对象，追溯学校体育“健康第一”的思想根源，探析其理论内涵，梳理与分析在实际中存在的问题：我国中小学学校体育在遵循“健康”目标中迷失了方向，出现了一些与其目标本质不相符的现象。针对当下中小学学校体育倡导“健康”目标提出质疑：健康是一个多因素综合性社会问题，并不是学校体育能够“一肩独扛”，若以“健康”作为学校体育的目标，显然没有获知健康的真谛，并夸大了学校体育的功能。因此，我国学校体育应当重构适合当代中小学体育思想的体系，试着摆脱“健康”目标的束缚，高举“强壮”的新旗帜，制订具体可操作的方法使青少年体质增强，并让“强壮”成为中小学学校体育的新目标。

关 键 词：学校体育；学校体育目标；青少年体质；健康；强壮

中图分类号：G807 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2016）03-0009-07

Abstract： Aiming at such a “symptom” as that the fitness of teenagers in China is constantly deteriorating， by basing their research subject on the goal of school physical education， the authors traced the root of the “health first” ideology for school physical education， explored its theoretical connotation， collated and analyzed problems existing in the reality： elementary and middle school physical education in China was lost during following the “health” goal， some signs unconformity with the “essence” of its goal appeared. The authors questioned the “health” goal advocated by elementary and middle school physical education nowadays： health is a multi-factor comprehensive social issue， not one that can be handled by school physical education alone； if “health” is set as the goal of school physical education， it does not get the truth of health， and exaggerates the functions of school physical education. Therefore， school physical education in China rebuild a system suitable for modern elementary and middle school physical education ideology， try to break way from the constraint of the “health” goal， hold high the new banner of “strong”， establish specifically operable methods to enhance teenager fitness， and let “strong” be the new goal of elementary and middle school physical education.

Key words： school physical education；goal of school physical education；teenager fitness；health；strong

当今人类过度享受物质文明成果的同时，由于缺乏身体锻炼，对自身健康造成了巨大的威胁。从大中小学生体质的下降到社会普遍存在的“现代文明病”，再到“人口老龄化”的事实，人类的“身体”遭遇着前所未有的危机，尤其是作为祖国未来的青少年体质问题更加堪忧。2005年全国青少年学生体质监测结果表明：“学生在柔韧性、爆发力、肌力、耐力、肺活量等方面都呈现下降趋势，而体能素质中的速度素质和力量素质为连续10年下降，耐力素质则连续20年下降”[1]。在2006年教育部……