钟璟
摘 要: 通过介绍教学中常用的几种提问方式,如苏格拉底式提问、布鲁姆-特内式提问及直问、曲问、追问、设问、互问等,探究在英语阅读教学中Questioning的技巧和方法,以及借助Storytelling的方式对语言知识进行加工内化,使英语课堂妙趣横生。
关键词: 提问 讲故事 课堂
Questioning-Storytelling(简称QS)模式是指在英语阅读教学中以问题为助推剂,层层剖析文本,循序渐进推动学生理解和掌握阅读材料,之后以讲故事这一学生喜闻乐见的艺术形式对阅读文本进行再次加工、内化和呈现。笔者结合高中英语教学实践,谈谈QS模式在英语阅读教学中的应用。
一、Questioning的技巧和方法
创新源于问题,问题始于好奇与质疑,它是主体对外界信息的感知与应答。课堂上,教师通过精心设计的问题启智开思,搭建学生学习的脚手架,让学生在参与、体验中实现对阅读文本的理解和掌握。因此,问题的设计既是一门精湛的科学,又是一门考究的艺术。
(一)苏格拉底式提问
苏格拉底式提问(Socratic questioning)又称“产婆式”的教学对话,属于探询式提问,即讲授者通过一系列的发问,引导学习者逐步触及问题的核心并自然而然得出答案。以下是六种在教学中常见的苏格拉底式提问方法:
1.澄清概念。如:Why do you say that? / Are you saying ... or ... ? / Could you explain further? / Can you give me an example?
2.探查假设。如:What else could we assume? / How did you choose those assumptions? / What would happen if ... ? / Do you agree or disagree with ... ?
3.探测原理、理由和证据。如:Why is that happening? / How do you know? / Can you give me an example? / Are these reasons good enough? / How can I be sure of what you are saying?
4.质疑观点和视角。如:Another way of looking at this is ..., does it seem reasonable? / What alternative ways are there? / What is the difference between... and...? / What are the strengths and weaknesses of...? / What if you compared ... and ... ?
5.调查影响和后果。如:Then what would happen? / What are the implications of ... ? / How does ... fit with what we learned before?
6.质疑问题。如:Why do you think I asked the question? / Am I making sense? Why not? / What else might I ask? / What does that mean?
(二)布鲁姆-特内式提问
1.知识水平的提问。如:who, when, where, what, how等问题,旨在确定学生是否记得先前学过的知识,属低层次的提问,不宜过多,快闪即可。……