国外各种奖项大集结

While some arts awards—the New York Film Critics Circle Awards， for instance—more or less tell you what they are by their name， other awards have a little more mystery in their monikers.

有一些艺术类奖项，比如“纽约影评人协会奖”，你一看名字就或多或少能猜出它是干嘛的。而有些奖就是喜欢卖卖关子。

Oscar——奥斯卡金像奖（电影界）

According to the Oxford English Dictionary （OED）， the alternate name for an Academy Award—an “Oscar”—has an uncertain origin， but perhaps comes from the name of Oscar Pierce， an American wheat and fruit farmer. The reason behind this unlikely namesake is Margaret Herrick， librarian （and later executive director） of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences， who noted in 1931 that the award statuette reminded her of her “Uncle Oscar”， the name by which she called her uncle Oscar Pierce. The reference stuck and the award is still referred to as an “Oscar” more than 80 years later.

在牛津英语词典上，学院奖的别称是奥斯卡，而奥斯卡这一名称并没有确切的来源。有个说法是来自美国一位种小麦和水果的农场主，名叫奥斯卡·皮尔斯，这两个风马牛不相及的名字，因为玛格丽特·赫里克联系在了一起。这位美国电影艺术与科学学院的图书管理员（后来当上了图书馆长）在1931年时说道，学院奖的小金人雕塑让她想起了她的奥斯卡叔叔，而那位农场主奥斯卡·皮尔斯就是她的叔叔。于是，不知怎么的，奥斯卡这个称呼就被一直用到了80年后的今天。

Emmy——艾美奖（电视剧界）

In an era of binge-watching prestige dramas on tablets， the idea of cathode ray televisions feels awfully old-fashioned. However， it is likely that this old-fashioned technology is where the “Emmys” got their name. Awarded for achievement in television by the American Academy of Television Arts and Sciences， the Emmy is said to be an alteration of Immy， which is itself a shortening of the term image orthicon. Image orthicon refers to a type of television camera tube popular in the cathode ray television sets of the mid-20th century.

在用平板电脑就可以大享电视剧盛宴的今天，阴极射线电视听起来就是个老古董。然而它很可能是艾美奖名字的来源。这个由美国电视艺术与科学学院颁发给电视剧界杰出贡献者的奖项——Emmy，据说是由Immy演变过来的。Immy是image orthicon（影像正析管）的缩写，指的是在19世纪中叶广泛使用在电视机上的摄像管。

Tony——托尼奖（戏剧界）

Perhaps surprisingly， the “Tony” of the Tony Award does not refer to a man， but to a woman. The annual awards， which are given by the American Theatre Wing and the Broadway League in New York City to honor achievement in live Broadway theater， are named in honor of Antoinette Perry， an actress， producer and director.

你可能不知道的是，托尼奖的“托尼”不是男的，而是一位女士。这个年度奖项由美国戏剧协会和百老汇联盟在纽约颁发，以表彰百老汇剧院表演的杰出成就。托尼奖是以女演员兼制片人和导演安东尼特·佩瑞的名字命名的。

Grammy——格莱美奖（音乐界）

The Grammy Award is awarded for achievement in the recording industry by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. In an era when turntables have mostly been supplanted by digital music players， what exactly “Grammy” refers to—surely not their grandmother？—may confuse some. The name comes from the shortening of gramophone to gram， with the suffix -my added.

格莱美奖是由美国国家录音艺术与科学学院颁发给唱片界卓越贡献者的奖项。……