曾炳豪 朱浩奎



摘 要: 提出了一种以微带线馈电方式的圆分形超宽带单极天线。天线依据笛卡尔圆定理,由圆分形结构辐射贴片与矩形接地面构成,在介电常数为4.4,厚度为1.6 mm的玻璃纤维基板(FR4)上进行设计。天线量测结果显示在返回损耗小于-10 dB时,天线的频带宽度范围为3.02~11.3 GHz,阻抗带宽为115.6%。在工作频带内实测4.5 GHz与10.0 GHz辐射方向图,在x?z平面具有良好的全向辐射特性,在y?z平面则呈现方向性。在3.1~10.6 GHz频带内量测出的增益值振幅范围落在4.31~6.13 dBi。可以广泛应用于商业超宽带无线通信系统与医学影像领域中。
关键词: 圆分形天线; 超宽带; 笛卡尔圆定理; 医学影像
中图分类号: TN822+.8?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2016)07?0071?04
Abstract: A circular fractal ultra wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with microstrip?feed is proposed. The antenna constructed based on Descartes circle theorem is composed of circular fractal SMT and rectangular ground plane, and designed on a fiberglass substrate (FR4) whose dielectric constant is 4.4 and thickness is 1.6 mm. The measured result of the antenna shows that, when the return loss is less than -10 dB, the frequency bandwidth of the antenna is 3.02~11.3 GHz, and the impedance bandwidth is 115.6%. The radiation patterns are measured at 4.5 GHz and 10.0 GHz in working frequency band, it shows that the antenna has good omnidirectional radiation characteristic in x?z plane and directional characteristic in y?z plane. The gain′s amplitude range measured at 3.1~10.6 GHz is 4.31~6.13 dBi. This type circular fractal antenna can be widely used in commercial UWB wireless communication system and medical image filed.
Keywords: circular fractal antenna; UWB; Descartes circle theorem; medical image
0 引 言
美国联邦通讯委员会(FCC)在2002年将频率3.1~10.6 GHz定为超宽带(Ultra Wideband,UWB)应用频带。在无线通信领域,超宽带系统是一种新兴科技。此领域已经引起国内外学者与商业界的广泛关注。超宽带通信系统内一个重要的组件就是超宽带天线。在过去几年中,已经有许多超宽带天线被提出,例如圆形结构[1]、Y形结构[2]、方形结构[3]、蝴蝶结形结构[4]、箭形结构[5] 、T形结构[6] 、锥形结构[7]等都被广泛地应用于超宽带通信系统。依结构形式可分成非平面天线和平面天线两大类。非平面超宽带天线是通过同轴线(或探棒)直接馈电到辐射天线单元[8?10]。这种天线需要较大的接地面,所以整体尺寸相对较大。这种天线结构相对比较脆弱,易损坏且不适合与MIC/MMICs集成。在公开的参考文献资料中也提出了许多平面印刷式超宽带天线。这些天线的馈电方式通常是微带线馈电或共面波导馈电,非常适合与MIC/MMICs集成[11?12]。……