GC—MS测定蒜头果油中的脂肪酸含量

2016-07-10 01:30:42张茜谭瑜李雁群钟敏胡雪琼
安徽农业科学 2016年5期

张茜 谭瑜 李雁群 钟敏 胡雪琼

摘要[目的]分析广西特色植物蒜头果(Malania oleifera)油脂中保健性脂肪酸的含量,探讨利用蒜头果种质资源开发保健油脂的价值。[方法]从广西巴马采集成熟蒜头果果实,取新鲜的蒜头果果仁,破碎并经冻干制成干粉,再用石油醚采用索氏提取法提取油脂,提取的油脂经硫酸-甲醇甲酯化后用GCMS分析各种脂肪酸含量。[结果]蒜头果果仁油脂含量达65%(对果仁重);油脂中神经酸含量高达50.71%(占总脂肪酸);油酸和亚麻酸含量达36.56%。[结论]蒜头果油脂含有丰富的保健性脂肪酸,具有很高的利用价值,是生产保健油脂的极好资源。

关键词 神经酸;蒜头果;脂肪酸组成;GCMS

中图分类号 S789.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2016)05-015-03

Abstract[Objective]The aim was to analyze the functional fatty acid composition in Malania oleifera fruit oil, discuss development and utilization value of germplasm resources.[Method]Selecting mature fruit from Bama, Guangxi, nut of fresh fruit was smashed and lyophilized to make dry powder, and then the dried fruit powder was extracted with petroleum ether in a Soxhlet extractor. The oil was gained by distilling the solvent under reduced pressure from the extract. The extracted oil was transesterified by sulfuric acid and methanol. The fatty acid methyl esters of the oil were analyzed by GCMS.[Result]The results showed that the oil content was above 65% in the fruit nut. Particularly, the content of nervonic acid was special high reaching at 50.71% approximately; moreover, the content of oleic acid and linolenic acid reached to 36.56%.[Conclusion]Malania oleifera oil contains abundant functional fatty acid with high utilization value, which is an excellent resource for production of functional edible oil.

Key words Nervonic acid; Malania oleifera; Fatty acid composition;GCMS

蒜头果(Malania oleifera Chun et S.Lee)为一种常绿乔木,属于铁青树科(Olacaceae)蒜头果属,主要分布于广西乐山、隆林、凌云、凤山、巴马、百色等地和云南富宁、广南、文山一带,是一种稀有植物,为国家二级保护植物[1]。蒜头果油中神经酸含量很高,为总脂肪酸的65%左右[2]。了解蒜头果油的脂肪酸组成,对于探讨其作为保健性食用油脂和对其基因资源的利用具有重要意义。神经酸(nervonic acid,NA)最早发现于哺乳动物的神经组织中,化学名为顺15二十四碳单烯酸(cis15tetracosenic acid),又名鲨鱼酸(selacholeic acid),是一种长链单不饱和脂肪酸。

然而,到目前为止,在世界范围内尚未有大规模的生产技术,少量的神经酸主要从有限的植物资源中提取,或者从菜籽油中提取含量极低的神经酸。神经酸最初是从鲨鱼中大量提取。目前发现的神经酸含量较高的植物有银扇草、琉璃苣、大麻和一些槭科植物的种子,但这些植物产量低不足以用来生产神经酸。……

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