刘凯艳 苏玉红 毕丽君 曹海艳 赵媛媛


摘要[目的]研究玉米、番茄、空心菜幼苗对空气中苯的吸收和下行传输作用。[方法]采用营养液水培方式,利用玻璃密封箱进行苯污染处理,采用气相色谱法测定不同吸收时间植物根际溶液和玻璃箱中苯浓度变化情况。[结果]玻璃密封箱中空气中苯的浓度为5.90 mg/L,吸收时间为1 h时即可从玉米、番茄、空心菜根际溶液中检测出苯;24 h后玉米、番茄、空心菜幼苗的Cr/Cp值分别为0.46±0.05、0.14±0.02、0.22±0.02;玉米、番茄、空心菜幼苗对空气中苯的传输效率随吸收时间的延长迅速降低,吸收时间为1 h时传输效率分别为(169.52±22.12)、(13.20±0.80)、(1.14±0.52) μg/(h·g )FW。[结论]3种作物幼苗地上部分均可快速吸收空气中的苯,并通过体内下行传输及根释放作用将其转移至根际溶液中,且对空气中的苯均具有较强的传输能力。
关键词 番茄;玉米;空心菜;幼苗;苯;下行传输
中图分类号 S181 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2016)05-080-03
Abstract[Objective]To research the benzene absorption and downlink transmission function from air of corn, tomato and water convolvulus.[Method]Nutrient solution hydroponics mode was adopted. Benzene pollution treatment was carried out by using the glass sealing box. Changes of benzene concentration in plant rhizosphere solution and glass box were detected in different absorption times by gas chromatographic fmethod.[Result]Benzene concentration in air was 5.90 mg/L in glass sealing box. When the absorption time was 1 h, benzene was detected from the rhizosphere solutions of corn, tomato and water convolvulus. Cr/Cp values of corn, tomato and water convolvulus were 0.46±0.05, 0.14±0.02, 0.22±0.02, respectively, after 24 h. Transmission efficiencies of air benzene in corn, tomato and water convolvulus reduced rapidly as the absorption time prolonged. When the absorption time was 1 h, transport efficiencies of corn, tomatoes and water convolvulus were (169.52±22.12), (13.20±0.80) and (1.14±0.52) μg/(h·g ) FW, respectively.[Conclusion]The aboveground parts of corn, tomato and water convolvulus seedlings can rapidly absorb benzene from the air, and transfer benzene to the plant rhizosphere solutions through downlink transmission and root release functions. The three crop seedlings have relatively strong transmittability to benzene from the air.
Key words Tomato; Corn; Water convolvulus; Seedling; Benzene; Downlink transmission
苯是一种常见的挥发性有机污染物,被国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)认定为第一类致癌物[1]。室内空气苯污染在我国普遍存在,且超标率高,尤其是新装修居室污染严重,最大超过国家标准倍数的70倍以上[2-4]。现代人每天有80%左右的时间在室内度过,室内空气质量直接关系到人类健康水平[5],因此研究室内空气净化技术对改善室内空气质量和保障居民健康具有重要意义。目前,室内空气净化技术主要有机械过滤技术、吸附过滤技术、离子净化技术、光催化氧化技术和植物净化技术等[6-7],其中植物净化技术以经济、高效、低能耗、良好的美学价值,以及更适用于普通家庭居室、办公场所等室内空间等特点备受关注[8-10]。……