针对渤海稠油热采添加剂的研制与性能评价

赵勇 刘庆旺

摘 要： 针对渤海某区块稠油热采时油水乳化使粘度迅速增大，严重降低了原油采收率的问题，针对该区块原油的特性，实验室合成了两种热采添加剂，一种二嵌段聚醚类热采添加剂HY，一种酚醛树脂类热采添加剂FW。将两种添加剂与已成熟使用的表活剂KLD-10复配出一种适用于该区块的新型热采添加剂。其最佳使用工艺条件：浓度为0.35 mg/L，最佳破乳温度为90 ℃，最佳pH为7。在此条件下其新型热采添加剂对渤海某区块稠油乳状液的最大脱水率可达92.7%。此外。新型热采添加剂具有良好的防止油水乳化作用，实验条件下其可降低渤海某区块稠油乳化含水88.3%。

关 键 词：稠油；热采添加剂；破乳；降粘

中图分类号：TE 357 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1671-0460（2016）04-0735-04

Abstract： In the process of heavy oil thermal recovery in a block of Bohai Sea， there are problems that the oil/water emulsion makes the viscosity increase quickly and the oil recovery reduce severely. In this paper， based on characteristics of crude oil in the block， two kinds of thermal recovery additives was synthesized that one was two-block polyether type HY， the other was phenolic resin type FW. A new type of thermal recovery additive was compounded with the two kinds of additives and surface active agent KLD-10. The best use process conditions were determined as follows： concentration 0.35 mg/L， demulsification temperature 90 ℃， pH value 7. Under above conditions， the biggest dehydration rate of the new type additives can reach 92.7% for the thermal recovery emulsion of heavy oil from Bohai Sea block. In addition， the new type of thermal recovery additive can well prevent oil-water emulsification； it can decrease emulsification water cut by 88.3% for heavy oil of Bohai Sea under the experimental conditions.

Key words： Heavy oil； Thermal recovery additive； Demulsification； Viscosity reduction

目前稠油热采已成为稠油开采的主要方式，蒸汽吞吐作为稠油热采的一种重要方式，在注气的过程中，会形成大量的乳状液[1]。而且稠油开采过程，稠油与水存在剧烈的拉伸、剪切等作用，这些作用必然也会形成乳状液[2]。乳状液的形成会使粘度迅速增大，从而大大增加了开采难度， 降低原油采收率[3]。

针对渤海某区块稠油开采中遇到的该问题，本文特研制一种耐高温稠油热采添加剂用来降低油水乳化率，提高原油采收率。

本文通过将实验室自制的热采添加剂HY、FW和已成熟使用的KLD-10（山东鲁新化工厂）复配得到一种效果较好的表面活性剂，该添加剂不仅能抑制稠油热采过程中乳状液的形成，还可以使已经形成的乳状液破乳，从而降低乳化率。……