李军龙 徐星 金刘伟 巩毅超 陈挺

摘 要:随着石油石化行业的快速发展,对原油的储存提出了更高的要求,这就需要新建大量的原油储罐。基于原油的理化性质相对复杂又具有极强的腐蚀性,因此,研究原油储罐防腐蚀的举措和方法受到高度的重视。针对原油储罐的腐蚀现状,为确保大型储罐安全长周期运行,解决储罐防腐技术应用中的腐蚀泄露问题,降低储罐的事故风险,分析了针对储罐各个部位的腐蚀机理所采取的防腐蚀措施。最后阐述了影响储罐防腐蚀效果的原因。
关 键 词:原油储罐;腐蚀机理;涂层保护;阴极保护
中图分类号:TE 980 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2016)04-0770-03
Abstract: With the continuous development of petroleum and petrochemical industry, and increasing of oil storage capacity, more and more storage tanks are being applied. Because the physical and chemical properties of crude oil are relatively complex and crude oil has strong corrosive, research on oil tank anti-corrosion measures and methods is very important. In this paper, based on the status of the corrosion of crude oil tank, in order to improve the service life of the tank and reduce the incidence of the tank, the corrosion mechanism of each part of the tank was researched. At the same time, the concrete corrosion protection measures were put forward. Finally, key causes to affect the tank anti-corrosion effect were analyzed.
Key words: Crude oil tanks; Corrosion mechanism; Coating protection; Cathodic protection
随着石油石化行业的飞速发展,原油储罐作为油气储运中不可缺少的重要设备,在油田、中转站、炼油厂及油库等广泛应用。储罐在使用过程中,不同的部位,接触的腐蚀环境是不同的。内壁的腐蚀主要受介质的性质影响,其中所含有的水分,氯化物、硫化物以及钙镁铁盐等,是造成储罐发生电化学腐蚀的主要因素;外腐蚀则为大气腐蚀、土壤腐蚀及保温结构吸水后的腐蚀影响等。
储罐腐蚀造成的后果严重,主要有:①原油的损失;②污染环境;③维修费用高;④土壤净化费高;⑤环保处罚。因此,对储罐的腐蚀类型、不同部位的腐蚀机理进行分析,找出适用、经济的防护方法是很有必要的。
1 钢质原油储罐的腐蚀分析
1.1 储罐内腐蚀
1.1.1 罐顶及罐壁上部腐蚀
该部位的腐蚀主要是原油中的挥发性硫化物、空气中的氧及水蒸气造成的气相腐蚀。……