油气水三相节流阀的流通能力研究

王怡

摘 要： 油、气、水三相混合物的流动规律较单相或气液两相流动更为复杂，然而目前主要采取单相流方法来计算三相节流阀的流通能力。为了更精确地对油气水三相节流阀流通能力进行计算，以油气水三相介质流过节流阀时的能量守恒方程为基础，考虑节流时的临界流动和亚临界流动两种状态，建立了油气水三相节流阀流通能力计算模型；采用二分法对模型进行了求解，并编制了相应的计算软件。以此为基础，结合番禺35-1气田的实际油气生产数据，分析对不同开度，不同节流前压力和不同节流后压力下流经阀门的总质量流量，验证了方法的准确性。

关 键 词：三相节流阀；流通能力；流量；计算

中图分类号：TQ 052 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1671-0460（2016）04-0813-03

Abstract： The flow rule of oil-gas-water three-phase flow is more complex than single-phase flow and two-phase flow. However， now calculation method of three-phase flow is the same as the calculation method of single-phase flow. In order to calculate the flow capacity of three-phase flow through throttle valve more accurately， the calculation method of three-phase flow was established based on fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Dichotomy was used to solve the model and the calculation software was developed. Using this method， a lot of calculations were conducted for the production data of PY35-1 gas field. The results show that there is a proximate linear positive correlation between the opening of the value and the flow capacity. With the increase of the pressure before throttling， the flow capacity increases， while decreases with increasing of the pressure after throttling.

Key words： Three-phase throttle valve； Flow capacity； Flow； Calculation

为了缓解目前日趋紧张的油气资源供应情况，降低油气资源的对外依存度，我国的海洋油气开发已逐渐向水深为300～1 500 m的区域发展[1]。例如，荔湾3-1、番禺35-1、番禺35-2均是我国南海重要的深水天然气田。深水气田产出的介质一般都是由凝析油、天然气和水组成的三相混合物[2]。为了对生产井的产量进行灵活的调整和控制，往往需要在井口安装油气水三相节流阀[3，4]。因此，在一定的地层压力和温度下，油气水三相的产量是与节流阀的紧密相关的。如何准确预测不同开度下的油气水产量是气田生产过程中必须要解决的问题。

对于流经阀门的单相流动，可基于流体在流经阀门时的连续性方程、动量方程、能量方程以及阀门特性曲线方程进行计算，并获得较为准确的结果。……