乌拉泊古城新考

内容摘要：今果子沟以东的中天山北麓地区是葛逻禄所属炽俟集团的居地。唐朝于657年或658年在炽俟部设大漠州都督府，府治位于今果子沟以东中天山北麓地区。后因东突厥汗国侵扰，该部“壹阡帐”百姓东徙至金满州境内的今乌鲁木齐市区。这“壹阡帐”百姓虽同属于炽俟集团，却与金满州百姓分属不同支系。正为此，唐朝于662—663年间或稍后由金满州析置金附州都督府加以管理。“金附州”之名称设置既是对汉代“金附国”一名的继承，亦与金满州相关——其民众“从金山散出”且被安置于金满州地域即依附于金满州，故以“金附州”名之。乌拉泊古城是始建于汉代的“小金附国”之都城、唐朝于649年所设葛逻州之州治和662—663年间或稍后所设金附州都督府的府治。

关键词：金附国；葛逻州；炽俟；迁徙；金附州都督府

中图分类号：K878 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（2016）03-0084-09

Abstract： The north slope of the Central Tianshan Mountain to the east of todays Guozigou was once the location of Chigil， which was a part of Qarluq. The Tang dynasty established Damo Capitania in Chigil in 657 or 658 A.D. Later on， the inhabitants of“A Thousand Tents”-people who also belonged to the Chigil group but differed in subdivision from their closely related Jinmanzhou counterparts-moved east to todays Urumqi in the wake of an invasion by the eastern Turki Khanate. Because of this forced migration， the Tang government set up Jinfuzhou（Jinfu Prefecture）Capitania between 662 and 663 A.D. or later to govern the new inhabitants. The name Jinfuzhou came from Jinfuguo（Jinfu Kingdom）and was also related to Jinmanzhou， because the people were coming from Jinshan and settled in Jinmanzhou. The ancient city Wulapo is most likely the capital of both the“small Jinfuguo”in the Han Dynasty， the Geluo Prefecture（葛逻州）established by the Tang Dynasty in 649， and the Jinfuzhou Capitania.

Keywords： Jinfuguo； Geluo Prefecture； Chigil； migration； Ginfuzhou Capitania

（Translated by WANG Pingxian）

乌拉泊古城位于北纬43°38′25.96″，东经87°35′14.84″，古城中心点海拔1110米，坐落在乌鲁木齐市南郊约10公里处。古城略呈方形，城垣高大宽厚，底基宽5—6米，残高2—8米，每面城墙均分布有密集的马面（图1），城墙四角尚保留有角楼遗迹。四面城墙中部都开有城门，均系瓮城门（图2）。北城墙长483.80米，东城墙长550米，南城墙长490.98米，西城墙长574.56米，占地近25万平方米。城内以三道夯筑土墙将古城隔成东北、西北和南面三个子城，建筑物大多无存（图3）。西北子城呈长方形，南北约350米，东西约250米。其东、南城墙外尚存留马面，昭示着东北子城和南子城为后来扩建。东北子城呈正方形，边长约200米。……