何宗均++梁海恬++李峰++赵琳娜



摘 要:把黄瓜秧子、番茄秧子、鸡粪和牛粪按不同比例混合发酵,腐熟后均混合相同比例蛭石制成5种育苗基质,以草炭为主的市场购置育苗基质为对照,对番茄进行育苗试验,通过观察出苗率、株高、茎粗和根长发现,5种育苗基质对番茄幼苗各项生长特性的促进作用均不同程度地优于对照,尤其以黄瓜秧子+番茄秧子+牛粪+蛭石发酵组合而成的处理5最佳。
关键词:蔬菜废弃物;育苗基质;番茄
中图分类号:S641.2 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.08.008
Abstract: Five seedling substrates were made by composting of mixture in different proportion of vegetable wastes of cucumber and tomato, chicken manure and cow dung ,the same proportion of vermiculite. A tomato breeding experiment research was conducted by peat substrates as the contrast, the results showed that the promoting effect of five seedling substrate were better than contrast in processing of seedlings growth characteristics, by observing the emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter and root length. Treatment 5 was the best which was made by vegetables wastes of cucumber and tomato, cow dung and vermiculite.
Key words: vegetable waste;seedling substrates;tomato
工厂化育苗逐渐被许多农业方面有识之士接受,这极大地促进了育苗基质应用方面的研究。目前,国内外番茄无土栽培大都采用草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩等作为栽培基质的基本原料。目前草炭在全球应用最广泛,是世界上公认的较理想的栽培基质。但随着逐年大量使用,其给社会和生态环境带来的负面效应也日趋明显,草炭是不可再生的资源,过量的开采有耗竭的危险,另外,草炭资源分布不均,长途运输也会增加育苗成本;因此,寻求和发掘易得价廉、可替代草炭、本土化的优良新型育苗基质已成为当今科研工作者的研究热点之一。目前,国内多采用棉花秸秆、稻草秸秆、麦秸、玉米秸、棉籽壳、糠醛渣、花生壳、农林废弃物、木薯渣、椰糠及菇渣等[1-14]进行草炭替代的试验研究工作。蔬菜废弃物具有有机质和养分含量高及产生量巨大等特点,作为育苗基质的生产替代原料将会是一种很好的资源再利用。……