3份典型菊属野生种耐盐性及其解剖结构比较1)

杨海燕　孙明

(北京林业大学，北京，100083)



3份典型菊属野生种耐盐性及其解剖结构比较1)

杨海燕孙明

(北京林业大学，北京，100083)

以野菊、甘菊、菊花脑幼苗为试验材料，用含360 mmol·L-1NaCl溶液的Hoagland营养液进行胁迫处理，观察记录形态变化，分别于0(对照)、3、6、9 d取材测定相关生理指标，同时分别取0、6 d的叶片制作石蜡切片，观察并测量相关解剖结构特征。结果显示：3份材料在胁迫6 d时出现明显的表型差异，9 d时甘菊与菊花脑几全株死亡；叶片细胞质膜透性、脯氨酸质量分数及丙二醛质量摩尔浓度均随胁迫时间增加而增大，叶绿素质量分数则相反；叶片上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片厚度与中柱鞘直径均小于对照，仅野菊的栅栏组织厚度有所增加，且叶肉中央形成较大的通气组织，而甘菊与菊花脑在胁迫6 d时海绵组织结构模糊，叶肉细胞裂解严重，与表皮逐渐脱离。总之，3份菊属野生种材料均不宜在高浓度盐环境中生存，但野菊对盐环境有一定的适应能力；叶片质膜透性、光合指数与表皮细胞、叶肉细胞特征相关性较大。

菊属；野生种；耐盐性；解剖结构；生理特性

In order to reveal the relative of morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics inChrysanthemumon salinity, we studied salt-tolerance and the anatomical features of its three typical species.C.indicum,C.lavandulifoliumandC.nankingensewere exposed to 360 mmol·L-1NaCl mixed with Hoagland for 9 days. Physiological parameters were determined at 0 (CK), 3, 6, 9 d, respectively. We measured anatomical variables of 0 and 6 d stressed plants. With the increasing of the stressed period, leaves membrane permeability, proline contents and MDA contents were increased, but the chlorophyll contents were the opposite. Compared to the control, thickness of epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and leaves as well as the diameter of mid-vein were mostly reduced in certain extent. However, there was a slightly increase of palisade mesophyll inC.indicumas well as development of aeration tissue. Besides,C.lavandulifoliumandC.nankingensewere collapsed in mesophyll cell and separated from epidermis under 6-day stress. Therefore, three species were not tolerant to high salinity,C.indicumshowed some adaptive ability to short-term stressed though, and the leaves membrane properties and photosynthesis characteristics were better related with features of the epidermis and mesophyll tissues.

根据中国土壤学会统计调查，中国已有包括碱土、滨海盐土、寒原盐土、漠境盐土以及酸性硫酸盐土在内的盐碱土约0.18亿hm2，占陆地国土面积1.92%[1]，随着工业化的发展，土壤盐渍化越来越成为限制我国花卉作物生产及露地应用主要环境因子之一。地被菊是菊花“野化育种”的成果，是菊花(Chrysanthemum×morifolium)适于露地栽培的品种群之一，是由菊属内多个物种相互杂交，再经长期人工培育和选择而形成的[2]。……