基于元认知策略对育龄期女性BSE行为干预的调查

郭宇飞，洪文静，吕娟河南省中医院乳腺科，河南郑州　450000

基于元认知策略对育龄期女性BSE行为干预的调查

郭宇飞，洪文静，吕娟
河南省中医院乳腺科，河南郑州450000

目的 将“元认知策略”运用于BSE实践中，以达到唤起受试者元认知意识，使其主动规范和监控BSE，建立长效、客观、连续的自检机制，以期为我国妇女提供更适合的乳腺癌预防措施，促进乳腺癌二级预防工作的持久发展。方法 采用随机抽样、分组的方法，将郑州市某社区的育龄期女性分为干预组和对照组，进行BSE及乳腺疾病相关知识宣教。干预组宣教内容增加元认知策略灌输及乳房自我检测卡的应用。结果 干预组的就诊率及BSE行为持续时间均优于对照组（P≤0.05），两组差异有显著意义。结论 “元认知策略”对受试者进行BSE的持续性有着确实影响，即将“元认知策略”应用于BSE，对提高女性防癌意识和乳房自查能力有积极意义。

乳腺癌；乳腺自检；元认知策略；早期预防；育龄期妇女

［Abstract］Objective To arouse the metacognitive awareness of subjects and make them actively standardize and monitor BSE and build a long-term，objective and continuous self-examination mechanism in order to provide the women in our country with prevention measures of mammary cancer suitable for them and promote the lasting development of secondary prevention work of mammary cancer by applying metacognitive strategy to BSE practice.Methods The female in child bearing period in some community of Zhengzhou were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group，and they were given the knowledge propaganda related to BST and mammary cancer，and the application of metacognitive strategy instillation and breast self-examination card was added to the content of propaganda in the intervention group.Results The visiting rate and BSE behavior duration in the intervention group were better than those in the control group，and the differences between the two groups had obvious significance，P≤0.05.Conclusion Metacognitive strategy really has an effect on the continuity of subjects for BSE，in other words，the application of metacognitive strategy in the BSE is of positive significance to the improvement of female cancer-prevention awareness and breast self-examination ability.

［Key words］Mammary cancer；Breast self-examination；Metacognitive strategy；Early prevention；Women of childbearing age

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。目前乳腺癌发病率居我国妇女恶性肿瘤的第1位，死亡率居妇女全部恶性肿瘤的第5位。乳腺癌是WHO建议的应开展人群普查的两种恶性肿瘤之一（另一种是宫颈癌）［1］乳腺癌筛查及早诊早治可使乳腺癌的死亡率显著下降［2］。乳腺自我检查（breast self-examination，BSE），是一种简便、无损且有效的方法，定期的自我检查有助于提高乳腺癌的早期发现率。美国癌症协会已确定乳腺自我检查（breast self-examination，BSE）、乳腺临床检查（clinical breast examination，CBE）和乳腺X线摄片检查是乳腺癌早期筛查的有效方法［3］。……