1 365例手足口病流行病学特征分析

欧阳头容长沙市第四医院院感科，湖南长沙　410006



1 365例手足口病流行病学特征分析

欧阳头容
长沙市第四医院院感科，湖南长沙410006

目的分析手足口病的流行病学特征，为预防控制手足口病的爆发流行提供依据。方法以某院2010—2014年报告的1 365例手足口病为研究对象，分析性别、年龄、流行月份、职业、病原学等。结果1 365例病例中，无重症病例和死亡病例，男多于女，男女比例为1.43∶1，职业分布主要以散居儿童为主有778例约占57%，其次为幼托儿童544例约占40%；年龄最大31岁，最小1个月，平均年龄（2.46±2.12）岁，3岁以下儿童1 102例，约占80.7%；流行月份为4、5、6、7月最多，共895例，占65.5%；11、12月有个小高峰，232例，占16.9%；120例确诊病例中，EV7 156例占46.7%，CoxA1634例占28.3%，其它肠道病毒30例占25%，2010、2012年EV71型相对较多。结论手足口病患病主要为3岁以下儿童，流行月份有一定规律，EV71流行的年份，发病人数增加，成人在密切接触后也可患病。

手足口病；流行病学；特征分析

［Abstract］Objective To analyze the characteristics of epidemiology of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and provide basis for preventing and controlling the occurrence of hand-food-mouth disease.Methods 1 365 cases of patients with hand-footand-mouth disease reported in some hospital from 2010 to 2014 were selected as the research objects，and the gender，age，epidemiological month，occupation and etiology were analyzed.Results In 1 365 cases，there was no serious case and death case，and the ratio of male and female was 1.43：1，the male was more than the female，the occupational distribution was mainly scattered children，there were 778 cases，accounting for 57%or so，the second was kindergarten children，there were 544 cases，accounting for 40%or so，and the age ranged from 1-month to 31 years old，and the average age was（2.46± 2.12），1 102 cases of children aged below 3 accounted for 80.7%or so，and the epidemiological month was April，May，June and July，and July was the most，there were 895 cases，accounting for 65.5%；there was a small peak between November and December with 232 cases，accounting for 16.9%，in the 120 cases confirmed，EV71 occurred to 56 cases，accounting for 46.7%，CoxA1b occurred to 34 cases，accounting for 28.3%，and other enteroviruses occurred to 30 cases，accounting for 25%，and EV71 type was relatively more in 2010 and 2012.Conclusion Hand-foot-and-mouth disease mainly occurs to children whose ages are below 3，the epidemiological month has a certain rule，and the incidence number increases in the epidemiological month of EV71，and the adults may suffer from disease after close contact.

［Key words］Hand-foot-and-mouth disease；Epidemiology；Analysis of characteristics

手足口病是由肠道病毒引起的以手、足、臀部皮肤和口腔黏膜疱疹为主要临床症状的急性传染病，主要由肠道病毒引发，引起手足口病的肠道病毒有20多种，其中以EV71和柯萨奇病毒A16型最为常见。手足口病多发生于学龄前儿童，主要表现为发热、手、足、臀起疱疹以及厌食等，多数1周左右能自愈，少数可并发心肌炎，肺水肿和脑膜炎等，极少数重症病例病情发展快，可导致死亡。为了解手足口病的流行病学特征，对某院2010 年1月—2014年12月所报告的1 365例手足口病病例进行流行病学特征分析，现报道如下。

1　临床资料

将某院共5年所有报告的手足口病病例包括临床诊断病例、实验实确诊病例以及疑似病例共1365例进行统计分析，其中实验实确诊病例均为该院采集标本送疾控部门检验并订正为实验室确诊病例的。……