云南昆明地区常见农田杂草种类组成与原产地研究

2016-10-15 08:39:48罗文何澍然周平
杂草学报 2016年1期

罗文 何澍然 周平

摘要:探讨云南省昆明地区常见农田杂草种类组成及外来入侵杂草的来源,为农田杂草防控提供理论依据。昆明地区常见农田杂草分属4科共计11种;优势科的现象十分明显,其中菊科(Copositae)占1种,禾本科(Graineae)占种,十字花科(Cruciferae)占10种。在所调查的11种杂草植物中,外来杂草有4种,其中菊科外来杂草植物有1种;4种外来杂草植物中,来自美洲大陆的外来杂草共占种,来自非洲大陆的外来杂草植物占种,来自欧洲大陆的外来杂草占10种。昆明地区常见的农田杂草以菊科、禾本科、十字花科、蓼科杂草植物为主,占调查总杂草种数的471%;昆明地区常见农田外来杂草以菊科、苋科、禾本科杂草植物为主,占总调查外来杂草种数的4%;昆明地区常见农田外来杂草以来自美洲大陆地区的草本植物为主,占总外来杂草植物种数的%。因此,在农业生产中,要加强对菊科、苋科、禾本科杂草植物的监管及有效防控;在引进外来植物物种时,要对来自美洲的植物特别是菊科植物加强风险评估及鉴定。

关键词:外来杂草;种类组成;优势种;原产地;昆明地区

中图分类号:41文献标志码:A文章编号:100-9X(01)01-00-07[7]

Abstract: o provide valuable inforation for the effective control of weeds,this study investigated the species coposition of coon exotic weeds in uning and analyzed their origin he recorded 11 weed species belonged to 4 failies with clear doinance of soe of the he Copositae were represented by 1 species,followed by the Poaceae with species and the Cruciferae with 10 species here were 4 exotic species aong the 11 weed species,1 of the belonging to Copositae wenty-eight exotic species originated fro the Aerican continent,ten fro Europe and three fro Africa Alost half of the weed species(471%) belonged to Copositae,Graineae,Cruciferae,and Polygonaceae iilarly,4% of the exotic weed species belonged to Copositae,Aaranthaceae,and Poaceae herefore,weeds belonging to the three failies should be especially supervised and effectively controlled within agricultural production In addition,ecological risks should be assessed and appraised when plants fro Aerican continent,especially plants of Copositae,would be introduced

[]ey words:[]exotic weeds; species coposition; doinant species; origin range;uning Area

农田杂草是指违背人们的栽培目的、出现在栽培场所、又不是栽培对象的植物[1-]。人们普遍认为,杂草在农田中的滋生会严重影响作物的产量、质量,还会传播病虫害及影响农事操作。据联合国粮农组织(AO)统计,全世界每年因农田杂草危害带来的损失约达数百亿美元[4]。我国常见农田杂草约0多种[-],对农业生产造成危害的主要农田杂草有0多种,危害面积约4 000万h,每年造成粮食产量损失10%左右[7]。……

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