郑悦 郑桂萍 潘世驹 姜玉伟 宋泽 王龙 张丽微 仲维君



摘要:采用单因素完全随机设计,以垦粳5号水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种为试验材料,在不同播种密度条件下对秧苗株高、根长、根数、充实度等多方面产生的影响进行比较研究。结果表明,随着播种密度的增大,根长、根数、茎基宽以及充实度均呈降低趋势,且差异达到显著或极显著水平,播种密度与理论产量呈负相关,但差异不显著,秧苗素质指标与理论产量的相关系数排序为百株地上干重>充实度>根长>根数>百株地下干重>茎基宽。播种密度为125 g/盘的产量最高,秧苗素质各项指标表现良好,适当降低秧田播种量能够改善水稻秧苗素质。
关键词:水稻(Oryza sativa L.);播种密度;秧苗素质;产量
中图分类号:S352.3;S511 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2016)08-1913-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.08.003
Abstract: Using single-factor completely random design, Kenjiandao 5 was studied to understand the effect of different sowing density on seedling height, root length, root number and plumpness of seedlings. The results showed that the root length, root number, base stem width and plumpness decreased as the sowing density increased. The differences were a significant. Sowing density was negatively corelated to the theoretical yield, but the difference between them was not significant. The correlation coefficient between quality indexes of seedlings and the theoretical yield showed the order of 100 strains dry weight aboveground>plumpness>root length>root number>100 strains dry weight underground >base stem width. The yield was the highest for the sowing density of 125 g/disk, the indexes of seedling quality were good, appropriate reduction of the amount of nursery seeding can improve the seedling quality of rice.
Key words: Oryza sativa L.;sowing density;seedling quality;yield
近年来,黑龙江不断加快种植结构调整,挖掘粮食增产潜力,水稻(Oryza sativa L.)种植面积的增加为全国粮食丰收奠定了基础。2012年黑龙江省粮食产量为576.000亿kg,其中水稻产量为217.120亿kg,占全省粮食产量的37.7%[1]。秧苗素质的好坏对于稻作生产十分重要,直接影响秧苗移栽后的生长发育,秧苗素质好,移栽后缓苗期短,分蘖期长,有效分蘖多,产量高。播种密度、秧苗秧龄与秧田期管理水平是影响秧苗素质的最主要因素[2-4]。寒地水稻大棚旱育秧由于播种密度大,在苗床阶段的幼苗2.5叶龄期开始,若大棚温度持续高于25 ℃,促使幼苗形成弱苗、老化苗,并有成花激素的形成和累积。这种稻苗碳的含量过多、碳氮比过大,移植本田后,加速分化幼穗,造成主茎减叶现象[5,6]。生产实践表明,移栽秧……