攀枝花烟区土壤速效磷、钾变化趋势分析

杨建春　杨军伟　曾庆宾　闫芳芳　袁家富　徐祥玉

摘要：为了查明攀枝花烟区土壤磷、钾含量以及比对其变化趋势，对该烟区 170 份耕层土壤样品进行了检测，结合2009—2010年土壤相关数据结果进行分析。结果表明，攀枝花烟区土壤速效磷平均含量为43.8±28.7 mg/kg，变异系数为65.5%。与5年前相比，提高幅度达到94.2%，年均提高18.8%。其中米易、盐边、仁和烟区分别提高204.9%、 98.5%和110.5%。变异系数与5年前相比降低，可能原因是近年来注重磷肥施用，提高了土壤磷累积，使土壤之间的差异变小。攀枝花烟区土壤速效钾平均含量为202.6±137.4 mg/kg，与5年前相比提高15.6%，年均提高3.1%。其中米易烟区提高67.8%，仁和烟区提高33.5%，而盐边烟区则降低3.7%。

关键词：攀枝花；烟区；速效磷；速效钾

中图分类号：S151 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）08-1920-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.08.005

Abstract：In order to find out the contents of soil available phosphorus and available potassium in Panzhihua tobacco-growing area， and compare the change trend with five years ago， the 170 soil samples of top layer were tested， and the related soil data in 2009—2010 were analyzed. The results showed that the soil available phosphorus content was 43.8±28.7 mg/kg. The coefficient of variation（CV） of soil available phosphorus was 65.5%. Compared with five years ago， the content of soil available phosphorus increased 94.2%， and the annual increasing rate was 18.8%. Miyi， Yanbian and Renhe tobacco-growing areas were increased by 204.9%， 98.5% and 110.5%， respectively. The CV of soil available phosphorus decreased compared with five years ago. One possible reason was that a large number of phosphate fertilization had been used in recent years and it improved soil phosphorus accumulation. The soil available potassium content was 202.6±137.4 mg/kg， increased by 15.6% compared with five years ago， the annual increasing rate was 3.1%. Miyi tobacco-growing area was increased by 67.8%， Renhe tobacco-growing area was increased by 33.5%， and Yanbian tobacco-growing area was reduced by 3.7%.

Key words：Panzhihua； tobacco-growing area； available phosphorus； available potassium

磷、鉀是植物必需的大量元素，在农业生产中磷钾的补充一直是重点。磷能促进碳水化合物的代谢，是许多有机化合物的组成成分，参与生物遗传信息和能量传递。磷是促进烤烟生长发育和新陈代谢的必需元素，缺磷烟株生长迟缓、成熟延迟、叶色暗绿，烤后无光泽[1，2]。磷肥的施用直接影响到烤烟的生长、产量以及品质[3-5]。钾是烟草吸收量最大的营养元素，可促进烟株光合作用，提高呼吸效率，参与代谢过程[6，7]。含钾高的烟叶色泽呈深橘黄色，香气足，吃味好，有弹性和韧性，填充性强，阴燃持火力和燃烧性好。施用钾肥可以增强烟株抗旱、抗病虫等抗逆能力[8]，改善烟气品质，降低烟气中总微粒物和烟碱含量[9，10]。烤烟对磷钾的吸收主要来自土壤，而土壤速效磷、速效钾是反映土壤供应磷钾的主要指标，是土壤肥力指标的重要组成部分[11]。……