鄂西烟叶品质垂直变化及其与气象因子的关系研究

孟丹 陈正洪 李建平 阳威 何飞

摘要：对宣恩、兴山和利川3地不同海拔处的中部烟叶进行取样，通过检测、评吸得到其化学成分含量和感官质量得分，进而分析鄂西两大代表烟区（清江源、金神农）中部烟叶品质随海拔高度的变化，以及烟叶品质与大田期关键气象因子的相关性。结果表明，宣恩海拔900 m以下烟叶化学成分得分随海拔升高而增大，海拔900 m以上烟叶化学成分得分随海拔升高而减小；利川地区烟叶化学成分得分总体表现为随海拔升高而减小；兴山烟叶化学成分得分变化无明显规律。三地烟叶感官质量得分比较接近，与海拔没有显著相关性。大田期各阶段的降雨量和旺长期、大田期的昼夜温差是影响烟叶化学成分和感官质量的主要气象因子。

关键词：烟叶品质；海拔高度；气象因子；鄂西

中图分类号：S572 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）05-1194-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.027

Study on Quality Changes of Tobacco in Vertical and Its Relationship

with Climate Factors in Western Hubei

MENG Dan1， CHEN Zheng-hong1， LI Jian-ping2， YANG Wei1， HE Fei1

（1. Hubei Meteorological Service Center， Wuhan 430205， China；2. Hubei Tobacco Institute， Wuhan 430030， China）

Abstract： Taking samples of middle tobacco leaves from different elevation in Xuanen， Xingshan and Lichuan， and then the scores of chemical composition content and sensory quality were gotten by detecting and smoking， and then the change of middle tobacco leaves quality with altitude in western Hubei tobacco-growing areas， the correlation between tobacco leaves quality and key meteorological factors were analyzed. The results showed that， the score of tobacco chemical composition increased with the increase of elevation at 900 m below in Xuanen， while 900 m above decreased with the decrease of elevation； the score of tobacco chemical composition overall decreased with the increase of elevation in Lichuan； the change of tobacco chemical composition score had no significant rule in Xingshan. Tobacco sensory quality scores were close to each other in three areas， and there was no significant correlation with elevation. Rainfall of every growth period and diurnal temperature range of vigorous and field period were major meteorological factors which affected tobacco chemical composition and sensory quality.

Key words： tobacco quality； altitute； meteorological？factor； western Hubei

近年來，由于气候变化、社会经济等诸多因素影响，鄂西烟区很多市（县）烟叶种植高度有所上移，如利川达到了1 500 m（突破了1 300 m的禁区），宣恩更是达到1 700 m。特别在鄂西南山区，烟区随地理地形和气候条件的变化呈现不同的立体分布。研究表明[1-4]，气候和土壤是制约烟草生长和决定其品质的基本因素，大范围内气候的影响更大；不同地区、不同年度间烟叶品质存在明显差异[5，6]。由于山地立体气候特征，不同海拔地区气候条件有一定差别，导致各地可能面临气象灾害的种类、程度、出现时间也各有差别。根据气候变化理论和烟叶生物学规律，这种变化存在较大的风险，并且导致了不同海拔地区产烟品质的差异。……