大豆新品种对比分析

闫良 葛长军 徐丽荣等

摘要[目的]筛选适合黄冈当地栽培推广的优质、高产大豆品种。[方法]以中黄13为对照，通过对9个大豆新品种的生育期、植株形态特征、产量及其构成因素的比较，探讨了其栽培种植适宜性。[结果]黄矮丰和SK2026这2个大豆品种为早熟品种，生育期在85 d左右；嘉黄28、皖宿0115、鄂豆710、圣豆20、宜豆04268这5个大豆品种为晚熟品种，生育期在100 d左右。品种嘉黄28和皖宿0115分别比对照增产25.6%、29.6%，与对照差异达到极显著，且株型和商品性状较好，完好粒率达到90%以上。[结论]在实际种植过程中应根据霜冻时间和下茬播种作物选择适宜的早或晚熟品种。在不考虑生育期的情况下，品种嘉黄28和皖宿0115可在黄冈市当地推广试种。

关键词大豆；品种比较；适宜性；产量

中图分类号S565.1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2016）04-061-03

Comparative Study on Several New Cultivars of Soybeans

YAN Liang， GE Changjun， XU Lirong et al（Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Huanggang， Hubei 438000）

Abstract[Objective] To screen the highquality and highyield cultivars of summer soybeans suitable for Huanggang Area.[Method] With Zhonghuang 13 as the control， we compared the growth periods， plant type characteristics， yields and their component factors of nine new soybean cultivars， and discussed the suitability of cultivation and planting.[Result] Huangaifeng and SK2026 were earlymaturing cultivars with the growth period around 85 d. Jiahuang 28， Wansu 0115， Edou 710， Shengdou 20 and Yidou 04268 were latematuring cultivatars with the growth period around 100 d. Moreover， yields of Jiahuang 28 and Wansu 0115 enhanced by 25.6% and 29.6%， compared with the control， showing extremely significant differences. Their plant type and commercial characters were relatively good， the whole grain rate reached more than 90%.[Conclusion] During practical planting， proper late or earlymaturing cultivars could be selected according to the frost time and the sowing variety. Without considering the growth period， Jiahuang 28 and Wansu 0115 can be used as the extension cultivar in Huanggang Area.

Key wordsSoybean； Cultivar comparison； Suitablility； Yield

大豆是我國主要粮食作物之一，因其具有高营养价值、高生理活性和广泛用途而成为重要的农业资源[1]。目前国内每年对大豆的需求量在不断增加，其中大部分都依赖于进口[1-4]。因此，改良我国国产大豆性状、提高大豆产量势在必行[5-9]。在促进大豆生产水平提高的诸多因素中，品种更新是主要因素之一[10-11]。笔者通过对9个大豆新品种的生育期、植株形态特征、产量及其构成因素进行比较，筛选出适合黄冈市当地栽培推广的优质、高产大豆品种，以期加快新优品种的转化和应用，为大豆产业健康发展提供基础资料。

1材料与方法

1.1材料试验在湖北省黄冈市农业科学院梅家墩基地进行。……