南京市气溶胶和相对湿度对能见度的影响

靳璐滨 周芦燕

摘要利用2014年南京市9个环境质量监测点的气溶胶资料和同期地面观测站的能见度、相对湿度资料，对三者的关系进行量化分析，采用线性和非线性的方法对能见度进行一元和多元拟合。结果表明，2014年南京市日能见度大多数在1～3级（即2～10 km），PM2.5和PM10在入春、入夏、入冬时变化趋势不同，其他月份趋势相同；能见度和相对湿度的月际变化趋势相反。随着能见度的降低，PM2.5、PM10的平均浓度和相对湿度均增加，能见度与相对湿度的线性相关性最好，与PM2.5次之，与PM2.5～10的线性相关性最差。不同档相对湿度范围内，大气能见度和PM2.5、PM2.5～10的共同拟合的非线性关系好于单独与PM2.5的拟合，拟合后的RMSE均在2.21 km以下。在相对湿度为40%～79%时的拟合效果高于相对湿度较大时的效果。不同季节能见度与PM2.5、PM2.5～10、相对湿度三者共同的非线性拟合，除夏季，R2均在0.72以上，好于以相对湿度分档时的非线性拟合效果。

关键词大气能见度；气溶胶；PM2.5；相对湿度；相关性

中图分类号S16文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2016）04-241-04

Influence of Aerosol and Relative Humidity on the Atmospheric Visibility in Nanjing City

JIN Lubin， ZHOU Luyan （Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography， PLA University of Science and Technology， Nanjing， Jiangsu 211101）

AbstractUsing aerosol data of 9 environment quality monitoring site and visibility， relative humidity in Nanjing City in 2014， quantitative analysis was conducted on relationship among them， single element and multielement fitting was carried out on visibility by using linear and nonlinear method. The results showed that the trend of concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 is different in early spring， early summer and early winter， but same during the other months. The trend of visibility and relative humidity is opposite monthly. With the decrease of the visibility， the average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10， and relative humidity are increased. The factor that the largest linear correlation coefficient between atmospheric visibility and the three is atmospheric visibility， then is PM2.5. In different relative humidity range， atmospheric visibility with PM2.5 and PM2.5～10 common nonlinear fitting is better than with PM2.5 individually， and the RMSE after fitting is under 2.21 km. The effect of fitting is better when relative humidity is 40%-79% than higher relative humidity. Atmospheric visibility and PM2.5， PM2.5～10， relative humidity for nonlinear fitting together in different seasons， except for summer， R2 are more than 0.72.

Key wordsAtmospheric visibility； Aerosol； PM2.5； Relative humidity； Correlation

大氣能见度[1]与人们的日常生活息息相关，特别是低能见度对气候、环境、交通、健康、农业等方面造成显著的负面影响，给人们带来诸多不便和各种危害。近年来，随着大气污染的加重，气溶胶造成的雾霾天气也越来越多。其中，高浓度的颗粒物是造成能见度下降的重要原因[2]，而不同粒径的颗粒物对能见度的影响有显著的区别[3]；相对湿度也是影响大气能见度的重要原因[4]。国外于20世纪60年代就开展了能见度与……