即墨国家一般站迁站前后观测资料对比分析

李华 刘路花

摘要[目的]分析即墨国家一般站迁站前后各气象要素观测资料的差异。[方法]利用即墨站新站与旧站2014年1～12月同期实测的气象资料，采用统计分析方法，对比分析了即墨站迁站前后气压、气温、相对湿度、风速的差异，并对产生这种现象的原因进行分析。[结果]新站址本站气压、相对湿度均低于旧站址，气温与旧站址相比呈正负距平变化趋势；风速高于旧站址。气象要素出现明显差异的主要原因是新旧站址海拔高度、地形地貌、探测环境及测站下垫面性质不同等原因造成的；且海拔高度及探测环境的不同是引起气象要素有差异的主要原因。[结论]该研究为预报业务中气象要素的准确预报和气候分析、气象服务、科研工作中资料的正确使用提供参考依据。

关键词地面气象观测资料；迁站；对比分析；原因；即墨国家一般站

中图分类号S163+.7文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2016）04-251-02

Comparative Analysis of Observation Data in Jimo National General Station Before and After Station Moving

LI Hua1， LIU Luhua2（1. Jimo Weather Bureau， Jimo， Shandong 266200； 2. Zouping Weather Bureau， Zouping， Shandong 256200）

Abstract[Objective] To analyze the differences of meteorological observation data in Jimo National General Station before and after station moving. [Method] Based on the meteorological data in the new and old stations from January to February 2014， statistical analysis method was used to compare the air pressure， temperature， relative humidity， wind speed before and after station moving. The reasons for this phenomenon were analyzed. [Result] The air pressure and relative humidity in new station were both lower than those of the old station. Compared with the old station， air temperature showed positive and negative anomaly change trend； wind speed in the new station was faster than that in the old station. The significant differences in meteorological elements were caused by the differences in altitude， topography， acquisition environment and characteristics of the underlying layer between the new and old stations. Among them， altitude and acquisition environment were the main reason for the differences in meteorological elements. [Conclusion] This research provides theoretical basis for the climatic analysis， meteorological service and scientific research in meteorological elements.

Key wordsObservation data of ground meteorology； Station moving； Comparative analysis； Causation； Jimo National General Station

即墨國家级一般站（以下简称“即墨站”）始建于1959年1月，于2014年1月1日迁移至马山。台站初建时主要注重了气象要素的代表性、比较性、准确性，2013年因古城拆迁，气象探测环境遭到破坏，已经不符合中国气象局颁发的《气象探测环境实施保护办法》[1]、《地面气象观测规范》[2]的要求，所以迁移气象观测场地已是当务之急。

为保证日常气象服务工作的准确性，所使用的气候资料必须是均一的。学者们对张掖气象站[3]、佛坪站[4]、青县气象站[5]迁站前后的气温、相对湿度和风速等资料进行对比分析和均一性检验。……