洪菊华 宋文静



摘要: 辽河是我国的七大江河之一,孕育了灿烂的文化,然而近百年来,土地过度开发利用,造成一系列生态问题,不仅威胁了辽河生态安全,而且对区域生态和气候环境产生不利影响,制约了区域经济与社会的良性发展,北方大河雄浑大气、四季分明的生态景观特征亦不复从前。本文以辽河沈阳市段为例,探讨了北方城市大河生态恢复规划的理念及方法,在保障水系安全的基础上,恢复河流的自然生态特性,实现生态系统的平衡,恢复辽河生机,为我国大江大河生态恢复治理提供借鉴。
Abstract: Liao River is one of the seven major rivers in China, and gave birth to the brilliant culture. However, over the past century, excessive exploitation and utilization of land cause lots of issues, not only threaten its ecological security, but also the impact on regional ecological and climatic environment, restricted the healthy development of regional economy and society, and the four seasons ecological landscape features of north river are no longer existed. Based on Liao river in Shenyang as an example, this article discusses the ecological restoration planning concept and method of northern city river, on the basis of water security, restore natural ecological characteristics of rivers, realize the balance of ecological system, restore the Liao River vitality as one of model for ecological recovery of large rivers in China.
关键词: 辽河;生态恢复;生态景观;多样性
Key words: Liao River;ecological restoration;ecological landscape;diversity
中图分类号:TU98 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2016)07-0024-04
1 遼河的基本情况及主要特征
辽河是我国七大江河之一,不仅孕育了灿烂的文明,更滋养了两岸的老工业基地与商品粮基地。辽河作为国家“三河三湖”战略整治重点工作之一,其成效直接影响着东北振兴的国家战略全局与流域的和谐发展。
1.1 辽河概况
辽河流域涉及内蒙古、吉林、辽宁,包括15 个市、56 个县(市、旗),流域面积约23万平方公里,2010年流域人口4300余万,GDP 0.6 余万亿元。
辽河干流长512公里,自东北向西南贯穿辽河平原,汇入渤海。(图1)
辽河季节性特点突出,降水集中在6-9月,水位波动大,滩地多为冲积而成,间有沼泽分布,地势平坦、土质疏松,河水含沙量高。岸坎不稳定,洪水冲刷严重时呈现河床摆动现象。
1.2 辽河的现状环境情况
辽河流域水资源地区分布极不均衡,季节性变化剧烈,枯水期河道断流,丰水期洪水泛滥,且水质污染严重。……