对公众无偿献血意愿的调查与分析

单明华

浙江省东阳市人民医院，浙江东阳322100

对公众无偿献血意愿的调查与分析

单明华

浙江省东阳市人民医院，浙江东阳322100

目的了解公众对无偿献血的意愿和需求，为采供血机构制订宣传和招募方案提供参考。方法分别设计针对单位和个人的A、B两种问卷调查表，向该市的大部分企事业单位和12 000名个人发放，包括已献过血的和从未献过血的，调查其已往献血的目的或不曾献血的原因及今后的献血意愿。结果大部分已献血单位的目的是“为完成指令性献血任务”，占71.4%；公众个人的献血目的以“为完成单位组织的献血任务”和“为他人奉献爱心、拯救生命”为主，分别占38.5%和37.7%。而许多单位不曾组织献血的主要原因是“工作忙抽不出献血时间”和“献血会影响本单位的正常工作”；公众个人不曾献血的原因主要是“献血可能影响本人身体健康”和“采血针穿刺时，怕痛”。结论已献过血的单位团体和个人，大部分仍会继续献血，而从未献过血的单位和个人献血意愿却不强，以观望者居多，有待针对性的宣传和动员。

公众；无偿献血；意愿；调查

［Abstract］Objective To know the willingness and demands of public for blood donation without payment and provide reference for making the publicity and recruitment programs of the blood bank.Methods The questionnaires of A and B respectively aiming at unit and individual were designed，and issued to most enterprises and institutions and 12000 individuals in our city，including the persons with blood donation and without blood donation，and the blood donation aim，causes of failing to donate blood and the future blood donation willingness were surveyed.Results The aim of most blood donation unites was to complete the directive blood donation task，accounting for 71.4%，while the aim of individual is to complete the blood donation task organized by units and dedicate love to others and save lives，respectively accounting for 38.5%and 37.7%，and the main reasons that many units had never organized the blood donation were failing to spare blood donation time due to busy work and that the blood donation could affect the normal work of the unit，and the main causes of individual without blood donation were that blood donation might affect their physical health and they were afraid of the pain at the time of blood donation needle penetration.Conclusion Most of the unit groups and individuals with blood donation will still continue to donate blood，while the willingness of the units and individuals without blood donation is not strong，and most of them are observers，and we should carry out the targeted publicity and mobilization.

［Key words］Public；Blood donation without payment；Willingness；Survey

自从1998年10月1日实施《献血法》以来，在各采供血机构的努力下、各级政府相关部门的配合下以及各企事业单位、社会团体的参与下，我国的无偿献血工作取得了很大的成效。十多年来，无偿献血工作逐步实现了“从指令性计划到个人志愿献血”“献血量从200 mL为主到300 mL以上为主”和“献血人群从城镇到农村”的三个转变。但随着医疗事业的发展、需输血病人的增多，近几年的临床用血量有了大幅增加，而无偿献血人数却增长缓慢，由此许多地方出现了因血源不足导致的临床供血紧缺问题［1-2］。……