无人机三维航路自适应跟踪控制

2016-11-01 19:06:10张坤高晓光
计算机应用 2016年9期

张坤 高晓光

摘要:

针对无人机自动驾驶仪参数标称值偏离实际值情况下的航迹跟踪问题,提出一种无人机三维航路自适应跟踪导引律。首先在无人机自动驾驶儀参数无偏离的条件下,推导出能够跟踪三维航路的速度指令、航迹倾斜角指令和航迹方位角指令,并使用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了跟踪系统全局渐进稳定;之后考虑自动驾驶仪参数标称值偏离实际值的情况,设计自适应算法在线估计自动驾驶仪参数,得到无人机三维航路自适应跟踪导引律,并采用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了该跟踪闭环系统全局渐进稳定。仿真实验表明所提出的自适应跟踪导引律能够使无人机在自动驾驶仪参数偏离条件下有效跟踪三维航迹。

关键词:

航路跟踪;参数偏离;导引律;无人机;自适应控制

中图分类号:

V249

文献标志码:A

Abstract:

Concerning the problem of trajectory tracking control for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) when the nominal values of autopilot parameters deviate from the actual values, a threedimensional trajectory adaptive tracking control law was proposed. First, with no parameter deviation of autopilot parameters, a guidance law was derived and commands were obtained for the UAVs airspeed, track angle and flightpath angle. Global asymptotic stability of the closedloop tracking system was proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Then regarding the deviation of autopilot parameters, a parameter adaption algorithm was designed to estimate the actual autopilot parameters online, and an adaptive tracking control law for UAVs threedimensional trajectory was obtained. Lyapunov stability theory was used to prove global asymptotic stability of the closedloop tracking system. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive tracking control law can achieve UAVs threedimensional trajectory tracking effectively in spite of autopilot parameter deviation.

英文关键词Key words:

trajectory tracking; parameter deviation; guidance law; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV); adaptive control

0引言

近年来,无人机在环境监测、地图测绘、灾难救援、边境巡逻、态势感知、毁伤评估、通信中继等民用和军用领域得到了广泛应用[1]。在多种任务想定中,无人机都需要具有规划参考航迹并精确跟踪该参考航迹的能力[2]。在城区监控和野外搜救等任务中,无人机需要在城市建筑之间或各种地形表面贴近飞行。这种情况下,无人机必须具备精确跟踪参考航迹能力。与有人机依赖飞行员控制飞机按照参考航迹飞行不同,无人机依赖自动控制技术实现该功能。作为无人机自动控制关键技术之一,航迹跟踪控制技术能够保证无人机跟踪以时间为参数的参考航迹[3]。……

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