大空间两种气流组织夏季热环境及其能耗实验研究

陈帅+黄晨+张亚林+刘雷明+刘俊+刘昊儒

摘要：以某大空间实验基地为研究对象，针对喷口送风和柱状下送风两种分层空调的热环境及供冷量进行了实测研究.研究结果表明：因喷口送风空调区较大，在夏季室外气象参数基本相同的两种室外气象条件下，喷口送风空调系统供冷量比柱状下送风空调系统的供冷量分别高出20.8%、24.4%，且喷口送风空调系统抗干扰能力较柱状下送风强；喷口送风时工作区温度均匀性好于柱状下送风，头足温差较小，但其工作区风速超过标准，而柱状下送风时工作区风速则符合环境设计要求；两种不同送风量下喷口送风时吹风感指数分别为15.64%、11.23%，而柱状下送风时吹风感指数分别为4.17%、2.40%，柱状下送风要明显优于喷口送风.故从节能及热舒适性角度综合考虑，单侧回风的大空间建筑应尽可能采用柱状下送风分层空调，而对于干扰比较大，空调场地较小，无法布置柱状下送风口的场合，则选取喷口送风较好.

关键词：喷口送风； 柱状下送风； 大空间； 室内热环境； 供冷量

中图分类号： TU 831 文献标志码： A

Abstract：The thermal environment and cooling load in a large space were studied in summer under stratified air conditioning with two air supply modes of nozzle air supply at middle side and column air supply at lower side.The results showed that the total cooling load of the former under two different outdoor weather conditions in summer was 20.8% and 24.4% higher than that of the latter， due to the larger airconditioned area of the former.Furthermore， the antijamming capability of air conditioning system with nozzle air supply was better.The temperature uniformity in the workplace of the former was better than that of the latter.The temperature difference between the head and feet was smaller.But the air velocity in the airconditioning zone of the former has exceeded the standards while the latter could meet the design requirements of the environment.The windbeing index PD in the mode of nozzle air supply was 15.64% and 11.23% while the other one was 4.17% and 2.40% under two different air supply flow.Therefore， the column air supply mode at lower side was better than the nozzle airsupply mode in this aspect.The conclusions could be drawn in terms of energy efficiency and thermal comfort that the airconditioning system in a large space building with unilateral return air should use the column air supply mode at lower side.And it was better to use the nozzle air supply mode in the building where the interference was large or the column outlet couldnt be arranged at lower side.

Keywords：nozzle air supply； column air supply at lower side； large space； indoor thermal environment； cooling load

大型公共建筑是指建筑面积在20 000 m2以上，采用集中空调的公用和商用建筑.目前我国此类建筑仅占城镇总建筑面积的5%～6%，但其用电量为100～300 kW·h·m-2·a-1，为住宅建筑用电量的10倍以上（不包括供暖）.因此大型公共建筑的节能是我国当前节能工作的重点[1].目前大空间建筑空调设计多采用分层空调方式，即仅对建筑内下部工作区域（称下部空调……