公共物品供给侧改革问题探析

2016-11-07 08:37:01朱俊奇费保升
安徽理工大学学报·社会科学版 2016年4期

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摘 要:众所周知,由于公共物品具有非排他性、非竞争性、多样性、公益性等特殊属性,公共物品并非如私人物品一样能够在市场前提下有效配置,公共物品的有效供给总是面临重重困境,并且随着社会的发展、人们对公共物品供给数量和质量要求不断提高,政府提供公共物品时的腐败、低效甚至无效等弊端日益显现。因此笔者认为在提倡供给侧改革的今天,应从创新市场化运作方式,为公共物品设置排他性出口,加强社会合作,实现公共物品供给主体的多元化和供给环境的法治化建设等方面入手,实现公共物品的有效供给。

关键词:公共物品;供给侧;非排他性;非竞争性;法治化

中图分类号:F299

文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-1101(2016)04-0006-06

Abstract: As is know to all, because of the non-excludability, non-rivalry, diversity, and orientation towards the public interests of public goods, the allocation of public goods is not as effective as that of private goods, and the effective supply of public goods is faced with various difficulties. Furthermore, with the development of society and the growing expectations of the public towards the quantity and quality of public goods, the corruption, low efficiency or even no efficiency of the government when supplying public goods are made increasingly salient. Thus it is believed by the author that against the backdrop of promoting the reform of the supply side, in order to ensure effective supply of public goods, the operation mode of maketization should be innovated so as to facilitate the outlet of excludability for public goods and social cooperation should be strengthened so as to realize the multi-pluralism in the main bodies of the supply of public goods and the legalization of the supply milieu.

Key words: public goods; supply side; non-excludability; non-rivalry; legalization

公共物品作为私人物品的对立存在,是基于社会中人们的公共需求和价值选择而产生的。而公共物品提供的数量和质量,不仅在一定程度上反映着资源配置的效率和效益,也体现出社会在一定时期的发展水平。然而,由于公共物品的两大主要特征——非排他性和非竞争性的存在,公共物品并非如私人物品一样能够在市场前提下有效配置,随着社会的发展,人们对公共物品供给数量和质量要求不断提高,政府提供公共物品时的腐败、低效甚至无效等弊端日益显现。公共物品的有效供给总是面临重重困境,对此,党的十八届三中全会明确提出,经济体制改革是全面深化改革的重点,核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系,使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。……

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