梁以华
摘 要:旧城的街区重建,结合民居、街道、公共空间的保护发展,一直是城市规划的重要关键。香港的旧城 (维多利亚城)经历百多年发展,传统的街景及公共空间亦经历更生,从中可以追寻一些处理方法的优缺和得失。介绍了香港早期旧城历史街区形成的背景,指出“唐楼”作为香港传统华人民居构成的街区特征,再就几个近年的唐楼活化项目的公共空间更新个案进行解析,希望借此寻求保护和可持续发展近代都市民居的方向。
关键词:香港旧城区;唐楼民居;活化街区;公共空间
Abstract:The reconstruction of blocks in the old city, together with the protection and development of folk houses, streets and public space, is always a key of urban planning. The old city (Victoria City) of Hong Kong has been developing for more than one hundred year and the traditional street views and public space have also undergone regeneration, from which we can pursue the gains and losses of some certain handling methods. The article introduced the forming background of historic blocks in the old city of Hong Kong, pointed out that “Chinese tenement” as the traditional Chinese folk house was the characteristics of the blocks in Hong Kong and analyzed several updated cases of public space of Chinese tenement active programs in recent years. Hope to find a direction for the protection and sustainable development of modern urban folk houses.
Key words:the old city of Hong Kong ; Chinese tenement ; active block ; public space
中图分类号:C912 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1674-4144(2016)-12-90(4)
1 香港旧维多利亚城的华人历史街貌及公共空间
香港位于中国大陆东南沿海的珠江口东岸,濒临南海。1841年鸦片战争后英国人开始管治香港,沿着海港建立了最早的旧城——维多利亚城。当时的维多利亚城分为三个区域:城的中部被称为“中环”,是英国人行政、商贸及军事核心;城的西岸被称为“上环”,是最早期码头华工聚居地,进入民国时间各地华商南来聚集此区经商,遂成为华商的居住及生活中心;城的东岸被称为“下环”,即是现时的湾仔,初时是英商舶船及存货地,后期逐渐填海,英商将仓地改建或出售,遂成为华人聚居地。
时至今日,中环现代的摩天大厦与雄伟的英式文物建筑交织排列,是许多游客所认知的香港殖民历史城貌,但这并非本文分享的议题。在上环和下环(湾仔),现在依然可以看到华人传统的民居街景,本文将集中讨论这两个华人区域在街区重建中如何处理民居公共空间的经验。……