行政执法与刑事司法的衔接

2017-01-13 20:41:31杜鸣晓
昆明理工大学学报·社科版 2016年6期

摘 要:2012年《刑事诉讼法》新增条款明确了行政执法过程中收集的证据可以在刑事诉讼中使用。案件由行政执法机关负责移送至刑事侦查机关,移送标准需达到“优势证据”标准,侦查机关初查后决定立案的标准则是“合理根据”标准。案件进入侦查程序后,由于权力渊源不同和证明标准不同,言词证据应由侦查人员重新收集,实物证据则需对收集、保管、应用进行审查。刑事诉讼阶段,如果证明对象是程序性问题,行政执法人员在刑事诉讼中以公职人员身份出庭。如果证明对象是实体性问题,则行政执法人员的地位与证人类似。

关键词:行政执法;刑事司法;立案监督;证明责任;证明标准

中图分类号:D915.13文献标志码:A 文章编号:1671-1254(2016)06-0046-07

Abstract:Criminal Procedure Law of the Peoples Republic of China (2012 Amendment) clears evidence collected in administration execution procedure can be admitted in a subsequent criminal procedure. If a case achieves submitting standard as evidence of superiority standard, an administrative enforcement agency is responsible for submitting it to a criminal investigation authority. During a criminal investigation procedure, as the power of administrative enforcement results from administrative powers, while the power of investigation arises from jurisdictions powers, testimony should be collected by criminal investigators and substance evidence is needed to examine procedure of its collection, custody, the application in administrative procedure. Administrative enforcement officers appear as public officials in criminal proceedings in terms of proving a procedural problem, while they are similar to witnesses when their evidence objects are substantial issues.

Keywords:administration enforcement; criminal justice; filing supervision; burden of proof; standard of proof

一、问题的提出

《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》(以下简称《刑事诉讼法》)第五十二条第二款规定,“行政机关在行政执法和查办案件过程中收集的物证、书证、视听资料、电子数据等证据材料,在刑事诉讼中可以作为证据使用。”该规定是2012年《刑事诉讼法》新增条款,明确了行政执法活动中收集的证据在刑事诉讼阶段具有合法的证据地位。十八届四中全会《决定》又提出“健全行政执法和刑事司法衔接机制,完善案件移送标准和程序,建立行政执法机关、公安机关、检察机关、审判机关信息共享、案情通报、案件移送制度的目标。”[1]为实现该目标,确保案件在行政执法机关与刑事司法机关的畅通流转,明确移转责任和监督部门的权力是首先需要解决的问题。……

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