创造与替代:对外投资与本地就业关系研究

2017-01-13 20:47:00陈志芳芦洋
昆明理工大学学报·社科版 2016年6期

陈志芳+芦洋

摘 要:随着中国经济发展,资本积累不断增加,对外投资成为我国经济发展的新常态,其对本国就业的影响成为了学术界关注的热点。利用2004-2014年中国30个省市的面板数据,采用固定效应模型及动态面板一阶段GMM进行估计分析。结果表明:从全国视角来看,对外投资会减少当期就业,但对未来的就业有拉动作用;从区域视角来看,东部地区对外投资对就业有积极影响,但应控制规模;中、西部地区对外投资会显著抑制当期就业,对未来就业拉动不明显。因此,东部地区应当加大研发投资,设立监控系统控制投资;中西部地区应加大投资引进先进技术,同时还应进行产业承接,创造就业。

关键词:对外投资;本地就业;固定效应模型;动态面板

中图分类号:F062.3文献标志码:A 文章编号:1671-1254(2016)06-0069-09

Abstract:With the growth of economic and capital accumulation, foreign investment becomes a new normal in Chinas economic development. Its influence on domestic employment draws more academic attention and thus becomes a hotpot. On the basis of 30 provinces panel data from 2004 to 2014, this thesis uses fixed effect model and one-step GMM estimation method to analyze the relationship between foreign investment and domestic employment. Nationally, the results show that foreign investments would reduce the current employment; however, it will promote employment in the future. In eastern regions, foreign investments will promote employment, but the scale should be controlled. For middle and western regions, the employment substitution effect is stronger than the substitution effect. As a consequence, eastern regions should invest more capital in innovation and build a supervising system. For middle and western regions, more new technologies should be brought in; and industry regional transference and absorption should be made to increase employment.

Keywords:foreign investment; domestic employment; fixed effect model; dynamic panel

自改革开放起,我国开始了大规模的招商引资活动。经过三十多年的“引进来”政策后,我国已经成为了世界第二大经济体,享有“世界工厂”的美誉,向全世界输出各种商品的同时也积累了大量的外汇储备。不过,对一个国家影响力的评判不是这个国家向外输出了多少商品,而是对外输出的资本数量,并且通过这些资本如何影响世界经济贸易的发展和规则。近几年来,随着“走出去”战略的实施,我国不断加大对外投资并且取得了巨大的成就。根据商务部的数据,我国2014年非金融类对外投资额达到1029亿美元左右,与资本流入额基本持平,即将成为名副其实的资本输出国根据商务部网站显示,中国2014年实际使用外资1196亿美元,非金融类直接对外投资1029亿美元,在不包括利润再投资与第三地投资,二者仅差167亿美元。……

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