the Truth

刘刚义

Part One

语法学家薄冰在其著作中这样表述“亦可用有限动词表持续。在当代英语里，有些有限动词已冲破了上述规则，在某种情况下也可以与since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用表“持续性””。看他的两个例句：

1.The two leaders have met for two hours.

这两位领导人会晤了两个小时。

2.He has visited China for three days.

他在中国进行了三天访问。

薄冰在著作中接着表述“但要注意介词for有时并不表“经历”，而是表“目的”。如：

（11）Ive come only for a few moments.

我来只能待几分钟。

（12）Charlie has gone off to Canada for six months.

查理去加拿大了，要去六个月。”

大家注意薄冰把有限动词表持续列在第一位，而将表目的列在第二位；按照这种观点，牛津高阶英汉双解词典第七版的翻译没有问题。看牛津词典的例句及翻译（词条go的第六释义中的例句及其翻译；短语go away的第二释义中的例句及其翻译）：

3.Richard has gone on leave for two weeks.理查德休假两周了。

4.Theyve gone away for a few days.他们已外出几天了。

而现实情况果真如薄冰所言，for主要用来表持续吗？通过在谷歌搜寻，发现for表持续的情况几乎没有，反而搜到四例for表目的的。可见薄冰的观点已经过时或本来就是错误的，现在语言情况如其著作中表述正好相反。请看网上搜到的范例：

第一例

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· EN：he has gone to Africa for two weeks

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2012-04-10，16：40 #1

katzaiiz

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Hello，

I learnt the difference between "have been" and "have gone" and the difference of meaning of "for" if I use the preterit or the present perfect.

But the sentence "he has gone to Africa for two weeks" means that he left for Africa 2 weeks ago or that he has gone to Africa for a 2-weeks trip？？ and if it is the first or to express the second？

I hope I made myself understandable.

Thanks for your help.

Karine

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2012-04-10，17：01 #2

sound shift

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Hello，

Yes，you have made yourself understandable.It means the second：he has gone to Africa for a two-week visit.

If I had been taught 'rules' about everything I mightsay，I would have had no time to actually say anything.

第二例

Naomi_

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Boyfriend has gone away for 4 months？

My boyfriend left for South America two days ago to go travelling.I spoke to him before he got on the plane，and for a few minutes on Facebook after arriving at his hostel，but I can't stop feeling sad.Every time I talk to him I end up crying.I know I have four months of this left and I hate it.He'll be back for 2 weeks in May，then off for a month then I'll be with him to travel round South East Asia for 3 months.How can I make myself just get on with my life？ I hate feeling like I'm so pathetic.

· 2 years ago

第三例

The petition had gone on paternity leave for 15 days as per the provisions on January 3 this and joined duty on January 18 on conclusion of it.However，when he got his salary for January he found that his leave had been rejected and salary deducted for the leave period....

（http：//beta.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/article13948.ece）

第四例

My girlfriend has gone away for over 3 months？

Me and my girlfriend are very close.We always spend every night together and were never apart for more then 2 days in whole 2 years of our relationship.I love her very much and i know she loves me.However，a week ago she move abroad for 14 weeks as part of her university course....

（http：//uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index？qid=20100124032857AAIrwwa）

牛津词典第七版是较新版本，理所当然反映最新语言特点。……