艾丽丝·沃克作品中黑人女性美学表述探析

孙丙堂　杨锐

摘要：作为黑人女性的辩护者和代言人，艾丽丝·沃克把宣传和继承黑人传统文化作为己任。沃克将黑人女性在日常生活中的美学创造进行了挖掘和整理，比如缝被子、园艺、口述文学等。她还把黑人女性被遗忘、被忽视的美学表述重新组合起来，形成了一种美学表述传统。沃克在追寻黑人女性美学表述的过程中，向我们展示了尽管黑人女性受到多重压迫，但仍旧凭借着自己的勤劳、智慧、勇敢和非凡的创造力，去创造生活中的美。沃克对此进行了详尽的描述，并表达了极大的欣赏和赞美，同时她也找到了黑人女性创造精神的秘密和创造力的传统。这种创造力是先辈们留给她的珍贵遗产。黑人女性先辈们给了她去继承这种遗产的可能性，也给了她去传承和发扬它们的力量。沃克希望通过这种颠覆主流文学的话语系统的“民间的”艺术形式去建构美国黑人女性的文化身份。

关键词： 美学创造；美学表述；追寻；传统

中图分类号：

I106.4文献标识码：A文章编号：

16721101（2016）06005903

Abstract： Alice Walker is an important American black female writer. As an apologist and spokesman for black women， Walker takes it as her own responsibility to promote and inherit the traditional culture. She explores and sorts out the aesthetic creation of black women in their daily lives， such as quilt-sewing， gardening， oral literature and so on. She also integrates the neglected aesthetic expressions to form an aesthetic tradition. In the process of black females pursuing the aesthetic expression， Walker shows that black women try to create beauty with their industry， wisdom and extraordinary creativity even under multiple oppression. Walker expresses her great compliments to black women. In the meantime， Walker finds the secret of black females creative spirit and creative tradition. The creativity is the precious heritage from their ancestors. The black ancestors give her the potential to inherit the heritage and the power to pass it on from generation to generation. Walker tries to construct the cultural identity of black women through the folk art form of subverting the mainstream literature discourse.

Key words： aesthetic creation； aesthetic expression； pursue； tradition

艾丽丝·沃克《寻找我们母亲的花园：妇女主义散文》一文是最早号召女权主义者用新眼光看待她们母亲生活经历的文章之一，在黑人女性主义文学批评中影响极为深远。

沃克对黑人妇女在日常生活中的美学创造进行了挖掘和整理。“沃克的作品以及美学思想的一个中心就是，要将蕴涵在日常生活实践和人们的斗争实践中被遗忘、被忽视的美学表述重新缝合起来，成为一种美学表述传统。……