李刚
摘要:在临床人群和非临床人群中,执行功能低经常会导致反社会行为和攻击行为,但没有研究从神经心理学的角度考查运动情境中的反社会行为。选取104名足球、排球项目运动员,检验运动员的认知功能,尤其是执行功能与反社会行为、攻击行为的关系。认知功能使用CANAB测量,运动情境中的反社会行为和攻击行为使用自我报告测量。研究结果显示:1)男运动员执行功能分数与反社会行为和攻击行为呈负相关;2)反社会行为和攻击行为高的个体,认知能力不一定低;3)在运动员群体中,性别能调节执行功能和反社会行为的关系。
关键词:认知功能;执行功能;性别;反社会行为;攻击行为
中图分类号:G804.8文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-2076(2016)05-0079-04
Abstract:Poor executive function has been linked to increased antisocial and aggressive behavior in clinical and nonclinical populations, but no research has examined antisocial behavior in sport from a neuropsychological perspective. he present study was designed to fill this gap in the literature by investigating how cognitive function, especially executive function, relates to antisocial and aggressive behavior in athletes. 104 participants were selected from football and basketball teams. Cognitive function was assessed in young adult male and female athletes using the Cambridge Neuropsychological est Automated Battery (CANAB). Antisocial behavior in sport and aggression were assessed via self-report instruments and were found to be positively correlated. he results show that 1) the executive function scoring of male athletes is negatively correlated with antisocial behavior and aggressive behavior; 2) the athletes with high antisocial and aggressive behavior might not have low cognitive ability; and 3) gender may moderate the relationship between executive function and antisocial behavior in athletes.
Key words:cognitive function; gender; antisocial behavior; aggressive behavior[K]
1问题的提出
反社会行为是重要的社会问题行为,它会对教育、工作等产生重要影响。青少年时期的反社会人格会持续到成人期,并可能使个体产生吸毒、暴力等犯罪行为,进而影响个体的工作、生活等。反社会行为包括一系列社会不允许的行为,主要包含三方面内容:1)临床精神病学诊断的行为失调和反社会人格;2)侵犯法律或社会规范的行为;3)攻击或侵犯行为[1]。运动情境中的反社会行为是指意图伤害他人的行为,包括针对对手的反社会行为(意图伤害对手)和针对队友(言语辱骂队友)的反社会行为。在以往的研究中,反社会行为往往与攻击行为相联系,攻击被看作反社会行为的一种形式[2-3]。
已有文献表明,社会或心理因素是促使运动情境中反社会行为发生的重要变量。……