高考英语词汇记忆五妙招

山东 邵淑红

高考英语词汇记忆五妙招

山东 邵淑红

高考英语词汇量的大小和对词汇掌握的熟练度对同学们的答题速度和正确率有着至关重要的影响。考试大纲的3 500个词汇就是英语卷命题选词的范围和依据，因此，同学们应认真记忆考纲规定的每一个单词和相关的词组及短语，可将大纲中3 500个词汇进行筛选，将词汇本变“薄”，对词汇进行“瘦身”。以下为笔者总结的五种记忆单词的妙招，助力学生突破高考英语词汇。

方法1：短文翻译突破单词

短文翻译是体现“用中学，学中用”的最好途径，翻译练习可以是单句或短文。同学们对有些与写作相关的段落和篇章应进行摘抄并进行默写背诵，以便在今后的考试中模仿套用，以增强表达的规范性和准确性。当然还可以通过同义词记忆、英英释义、填空、互译、默写、听写等多种渠道记忆词汇。

方法2：话题式单词分类记忆法

同学们可以按照话题、功能意念和语言结构将单词分类，如外貌特征、性格与行为特征、学校生活、工作与职业、健康与医疗、成功与失败等，记忆与话题相关的单词和短语以及句型。这样将词汇分类比不分类记忆效率高出一倍。

例1.有关“课程及活动”：major in，favorite subject，after-school activities，develop social skills，optional cours-es，participate in，required courses。

例2.有关“成功与失败”：make it，succeed，make progress，come true，realize one’s dream，win，lose，fail to do，defeat，suffer loss，beat，turn sth. into reality等等，然后再进行构词法、词的正确形式填空、同义替换、完成句子甚至汉译英等形式的训练。

方法3：语境记忆法

把单词的一词多义或者毫无关系的词编成一个故事，创设一定的语境，记忆的过程就相当于把这些词编成电视剧，编成一个“录像”放到大脑右半叶里面去。在把它“播”出来的时候，也就把这些词播放出来了。

例1：pick up 的一词多义：

One day，I picked up（接收）my wife’s message，saying “When I was on the way to pick up（接人，载客）our son，I picked up（捡拾）a wallet. And I handed it in to the police”. My son told me that he picked up（偶然学会）a song .On the second day ，we picked up（用较少的钱买到）an old and valuable bowl on the way to see my sick mother.Seeing she pick up（身体恢复，痊愈），we were very delighted.

例2：figure的 一词多义：

I’m dieting to keep my figure（体型，身材）in order to become an important figure（人物）in the model field. I figure（想，认为）that you can figure out（理解，明白）why I do it. I can’t figure out（计算） the figure （数字）of the figures（人影）in the darkness.

例3：将多个单词放到语篇中去记忆

Fall in Love with English

Hidden behind the loose dusty curtain，a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parentsn’agging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and disliked joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him on purpose. As a result，his score in each exam never added up to over 60.

His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffering from，but entirely disagreed with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem，she talked with him face to face and swapped a series of learning tips with him. The items she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well.

The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now，he has recovered from being upset and has fallen in love with English.

通过语境来进行单词背诵，不仅有利于记忆单词，而且对完形填空、语法填空、短文改错、书面表达等句型都有帮助。

方法4：口诀记忆法

例1.在记忆It is+adj. /n. +that+虚拟语气（should+动词原形）的句式时，可以记住如下的口诀：

自然真奇妙，（natural，strange）

不说不知道。

一是很重要，（important）

二是很必要。（necessary/essential）

如果不知道，

真是羞死了。（a pity/a shame）

Eg. It is necessary/essential that we should learn English well.

这样我们既记住了单词，又对语法规则进行了归类。

例2.系动词的快速记忆法

“一是二保持三似乎四变得五起来” 后加表语（记忆次序不要变）：

一是：be

二保持：stay，remain（keep）三似乎：seem，appear，look

四变得：become，go，get，grow，（fall，turn）五起来：sound，look，smell，taste，feel

Eg. 1.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.

2. Although he has taken a lot of medicine，his health remains poor.

3. Sarah，hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get changed before the party.

方法5：汇总高频词，分组记忆。

例1.有关“餐馆/订餐/就餐”：inn，restaurant，kitchen，menu，bill，order，tip，fork and knife，reserve/book table，taste delicious，salad，vegetables，fruit，tray，napkin等。

例2.有关“看”：look，see，watch，observe，notice，catch sight of，stare，glare，glance，glimpse，see a film，watch TV等。

例3.有关“说”：tell sth. to sb.=tell sb sth.，talk with sb about sth.，say sth.，speak in English，whisper sth. to sb.，inform sb of sth.，reason/talk/persuade sb. into doing sth.，bargain，chat，repeat，explain，warn，remind，discuss，debate，figure，declare，claim，mention，admit，deny，describe，announce，introduce，complain 等。

例4.有关“存在/消失”：come into being，exist，appear，survive，live，show，turn up，disappear，die，die out，pass away，be out of sight等。

例5.高级写作副词：definitely，considerably，increasingly，occasionally，extremely，thoroughly，severely，slightly，actually等。

然后再对相关单词进行辨析、对比、翻译或完成句子的练习。

Eg. The room has been thoroughly cleaned.

总之，同学们要善于总结整理教材和报刊中的好词好句，按照话题分类打包，根据语块进行记忆，这样便于“整存整取”，提高集中记忆和灵活应用的效果，并且会对各种题型大有帮助。

山东省淄博市教学研究室）