中国农村城镇化存在的问题及其原因

赵轩宇+王秀果+刘梅+赵清涛

摘 要：发达的经济会促进城镇化的发展，而城镇化的提高又反过来拉动经济进步。研究城镇化问题对国民经济发展和人民生活水平提高意义重大。本文阐明了中国农村城镇化存在的问题主要有：城镇化水平较低且城镇化率虚高；土地利用规模大、闲置、浪费以及招致农民问题；部分历史建筑和城市特色风貌遭到毁坏；城镇化带来环境污染；二元户籍制度已成为城镇化发展的桎梏；城镇规模小对经济拉动作用弱等。并且认为城镇化发展水平低、质量差受中国发展史、人们思想观念、缺少资金支持和主导产业、存在大量农民工等方面的影响，政府在执行城镇化相关措施中存在偏差是产生土地问题的主要原因，城镇化建设缺乏合理规划招致城镇规模小、历史遗迹破坏、土地问题等，政府监管不力、部分乡镇企业无视环境保护、部分城镇居民素质较低、环保基础设施难以发挥作用等多方面原因造成了环境污染，同时认为社会保障制度是户籍管理对城镇化影响的根源。文章旨在为发展我国农村城镇化建设提供政策依据。

关键词：中国；农村；城镇化；问题；原因

中图分类号：F292 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.02.018

Abstract： Advanced economy will promote the development of urbanization， and the improvement of urbanization in turn driving economic progress.Research on the problem of urbanization is of great significance to the development of national economy and the improvement of peoples living standard. This paper expounds the existing Chinese rural urbanization main problems are： low level of urbanization， and the urbanization rate artificially high； the large scale of land use， idle waste and lead to problems of farmers； part of historic buildings and the city features were destroyed； urbanization has brought environmental pollution； the dual household registration system has been an obstacle of the development of small towns； small size of town is difficult to pull the economy. And that the urbanizations low level， poor quality is affected by Chinese development history， the ideas of the people， the lack of financial support and leading industry， large number of migrant workers and other aspects； in the implementation of the government in the implementation of the relevant measures of urbanization is the main reason for the problem of land； the lack of reasonable planning and construction of urbanization lead to the small size of the town， the destruction of historical sites， land issues， etc. The government supervision， part of the township enterprises ignore environmental protection， some urban residents are of low quality， environmental infrastructure is difficult to play a role，etc. Many reasons cause the environmental pollution. At the same time， it is considered that the social security system is the root of the influence of the household registration management to the urbanization. The aim of this paper is to provide policy basis for the development of rural urbanization in China.

Key words： China； rural area； urbanization； problem； reason

1 中國农村城镇化存在的问题

1.1 城镇化水平较低，且城镇化率虚高

改革开放以来，我国城镇化发展迅速，城镇化率从1978年的17.90%到2015年的56.10%，增长了2.13倍，但与其他国家相比，还存在很大差距。目前世界发达国家城镇化率均在80%以上，发展中国家城镇化率为60%。……