认知语言学的交叉与跨界研究



认知语言学的交叉与跨界研究

[主持人语] 本专栏共5篇文章，涉及认知语言学的交叉和跨界研究。文旭和赵耿林在梳理认知拓扑性、语言拓扑性及其关联性的基础上，提出认知拓扑语言学这一新兴交叉学科。认知拓扑语言学是将拓扑学的思维和方法运用到认知语言学研究中的一种新方法和新趋势，其主要内容包括认知拓扑等价观、认知拓扑连通观和认知拓扑连续观。林正军和董晓明对功能语言学中的语法隐喻进行认知转喻解读。他们认为概念语法隐喻表达式所体现的不同语义往往凸显同一事件中的不同概念要素；人际语法隐喻表达式所体现的不同语义凸显情态或语气的不同要素。语法隐喻不同表达式所对应的表述意义之间存在关联性，即转喻关系。魏在江和李仕春的两篇文章从认知语言学视域研究了汉语的句法和词汇问题。魏在江从语法转喻这一新的视角对汉语特有的体词谓语句进行考察。从体词谓语句所体现的构式整体性和能产性论证了体词谓语句的构式特征；从替代指称、完型凸显、语义动因三个方面探讨了体词谓语句的语法转喻认知机制；以英语为参照，从语言类型学及汉语意合特点对其理据性予以观照。该研究认为语法转喻改变了体词谓语句的句法结构和语法属性，同时也改变了其语义指向，语法转喻是此类结构产生的重要动因。李仕春在回顾以“字”、“词”和“语素”为单位的汉语复合词构成的基础上，提出以“义素”为单位的探索路径。以单音词复音化和人类认知规律为切入点，探讨复合词构成的特点。作者认为，以“义素”为单位探讨汉语复合词的构成可以清楚细致地描写出复合词构成单位的语义成分在组成复合词词义后的种种变化，最终能据此建立真正基于人类认知的汉语构词法体系。孙毅和曾昕认为反复和隐喻之间存在关联性，主要表现在：语言结构具有非组合性特征；反复不仅是一种修辞手段，更是人们认知世界的方式；隐喻可以弥补从字面意义理解反复现象的缺憾。基于此，他们认为反复这一修辞现象与概念隐喻同质，创造性地提出了“反复隐喻”这一概念；并以英汉对比为出发点，考究两种不同语言所表现出的异同及其动因。本专栏的这些研究相互呼应，各有侧重，其研究结果不仅有利于认知语言学自身的学科发展，对语言学的其他学科方向的研究也有借鉴作用，具有重要的学术价值。

Interdisciplinary and Cross-linguistic Studies of Cognitive Linguistics

[Host Words] This volume comprises of 5 papers；highlighting the interdisciplinary and cross-linguistic studies of cognitive linguistics. By reviewing the topology of cognition；the topology of language and their relations；Wen Xu and Zhao Genglin put forward a new discipline—cognitive topological linguistics；which is a new method and trend to cognitive linguistics. In light of grammatical metaphor；Lin Zhengjun and Dong Xiaoming hold that in ideational grammatical metaphor；the meanings realized by different grammatical forms profile disparate elements of the same event；in interpersonal grammatical metaphor；the meanings of different grammatical forms profile divergent elements of modality or mood. The meanings of different grammatical forms are in a relation of metonymy. Wei Zaijiang studies the Chinese nominal-predicate sentences in light of grammatical metonymy；which is a new perspective to explore this kind of construciton. The research finds that grammatical metonymy influences the structure of nominal-predicate sentence；changes the grammatical nature；and affects the semantic profile；therefore，it is one of the main motivations of this kind of construction. Li Shichun proposes to explore the construction of compounds in terms of sememe. He explicates that this kind of explanation can describe the semantic change of the constituent units after they are compounded. The mechanism of word formation can constructed in terms of human cognition. In view of the interpretation that repetition and metaphor are closely related；Sun Yi and Zeng Xin conclude that repetition and conceptual metaphor are homogeneous；and creatively bring forward the concept of “repetition metaphor”. The results of these studies are not only beneficial to the development of cognitive linguistics itself；but also useful for other disciplines of linguistics；therefore；they all have important academic values.