定语从句的关系词

吴静

关系词是定语从句的核心。同学们往往容易在关系词的选择上出错，针对这种情况，笔者归纳了不同的关系词的区别，帮助同学们克服这一困难。

[五组易混关系代词用法辨析]

1. 只用that不用which的情况

先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时。如：I refuse to accept the blame for something that was his fault.

先行词被the only，any，few，no，very等修饰时。如：Australia is the only country that is also a continent.

先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词，或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。如：This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.

先行词人、物并用时。如：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？

主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。如：Which is the bike that you lost？

先行词在主句中作表语， 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。如：Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.

2. 只用which不用that的情况

关系代词前有介词时。如：Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born？

引導非限制性定语从句时。如：As a child， Jack studied in a village school， which is named after his grandfather.

先行词为that/those时。如：Whats that which was put in the car？

which用作定语时。如：He may be late， in which case we ought to wait for him.

3. the same ... as ... 与the same ... that ...

the same ... as表示相似或同类的东西，the same ... that表示同一人或物。如：

This is the same book as he lent me last week.

This is the same book that he lent me last week.

4. such/so ... as与such/so ... that

such/so ... as （定语从句）像……那样

such/so ... that （状语从句）如此……以至于

This is such an easy question as I can answer.

This is such an easy question that I can answer it.

5. as与which

as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前， 也可以放在主句后， 有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。

as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等； which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。

He is a very successful man， as is known to all.

The meeting was put off， which astonished us.

[常考的关系代词who， whom， whose]

1. 用who和whom的情况

先行词为one，ones，anyone，those，且指代人时。如：

The persons I want to talk about with you are Faye Wong and Li Yapeng， the ones who signed a divorce agreement on Friday in Urumqi.

在there be结构中， 修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。如：Theres a gentleman who wants to see you.

一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句， 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that， 另一个宜用who以避免重复。如：The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.

当关系代词前面有介词，只能用whom。whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可放在后面，也可提前以构成“介词+whom（先行词指人）”结构。如：The settlement is home to nearly 1，000 people， many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.

2. whose的用法

关系代词whose一般指人，表示“该人的”，也可指物，表示“该物的”，在以物为先行词时，可用of which代替在从句中作定语。