山西黄芪产业发展思考

秦雪梅+李爱平+李科+李安平+宁潞宏

[摘要] 山西作为优质道地黄芪的传统产区，曾经占我国黄芪产业的半壁江山，经历了资源格局的重大变化，目前只是传统芪商品的最大产地，面对多样性的市场需求，特别是对优质高端黄芪的强劲需求，山西黄芪产业的战略地位将更加突出，对经济和社会发展的拉动作用将更加明显。黄芪产业涉及到一、二、三产业诸多领域同步发展，在中药材产业发展中具有典型性和代表性。但目前由于移栽芪种植技术的盲目推广，以及黄芪产业发展的科技问题研究不足，如有效性研究匮乏、安全性评价空缺、可控性与标准化缺乏等，这些问题严重制约了黄芪的应用与产业化发展。因此，该文对山西黄芪的生产历史、资源格局、产业发展现状及进展，科研基础与存在问题进行分析，提出发展思路和科技创新对策，以期通过创新驱动，做大做强黄芪产业，造福人民，其产业化开发思路将为我国其他中药材大品种探索发展提供参考。

[关键词] 黄芪产业；山西；创新驱动；对策思考

[Abstract] Shanxi，a traditional production area to produce genuine Astragali Radix of high quality，has experienced major changes in the pattern of resources. This area once accounted for half of Astragali Radix industry，but now only serves as the largest supply area of traditional wild Astragali Radix. Furthermore，the strategic position of Shanxi Astragali Radix industry will become more prominent and more important to economic and social development in face of the diversity of market demands，especially for the strong demands of high-end Astragali Radix. In addition，Astragalus industry involves the simultaneous development of the first，second and tertiary industries in many areas，and it is typical and representative in the traditional Chinese medicine industry development. However，the application and industrial development of Shanxi Astragali Radix have been restricted due to the problems such as blind promotion of transplanting cultivation technology，and lack of science and technology including efficacy investigation，safety evaluation，standardization and controllability studies. Therefore，we would analyze the production history，resource structure，the current situation and progress of industry development，scientific research foundation and existing problem in this paper，and put forward countermeasures for development and technical innovation in order to make Astragali Radix industry bigger and stronger through innovation-driven and make benefits for demos. This thought provides a reference for the exploratory development of other large varieties of Chinese medicinal materials.

[Key words] Astragali Radix industry；Shanxi；innovation-driven；thinking and countermeasures

doi：10.4268/cjcmm20162429

黃芪为常用大宗中药材，素有“十药八芪”之称，是中医补气圣药，被李时珍誉为“补药之长”。中国是商品黄芪唯一的产地和出口国，其出口量曾一度在我国中药材出口中排在1 000万美元以上的7个品种之首[1]，至2013年出口额已达2 136.59万美元[2]。黄芪既是中药也是保健品原料，含黄芪的中成药多达200余种[1]，以黄芪为原料的上市保健品达160余种[3]，民间也将黄芪作为重要的滋补食材。……