

摘要 研究天然高分子材料壳聚糖用于提高悬浮种衣剂的成膜性和有效成分释放率。采用标准测试方法,测试高分子成膜剂影响悬浮种衣剂的理化测试指标,如成膜时间、包衣均匀度、包衣脱落率、种子表面药剂浸水脱落率等。结果表明:1.0%壳聚糖配成膜剂效果最佳,成膜时间和包衣脱落率均高于现用悬浮种衣剂,并能控制和调节悬浮种衣剂膜内活性成分释放速率。
关键词 壳聚糖;悬浮种衣剂;成膜性;效果
中图分类号 TQ450.6 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2016)24-0107-02
Effect Research on Film Forming Property of Chitosan in Flowable Concentrate for Seed Coating
CHANG Xiao-chun
(Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi Xinjiang 830091)
Abstract A new natural high molecular material chitosan was used to improve the film-forming ratio and active ingredient release rate of seed coating in the present study.Degree of uniformity,falling off rate,germination rate and film forming ability of seed coating,which used new natural high molecular material were tested by classic normal methods.The results showed that 1.0% chitosan were the best dosage of the new film-forming agent in this research. The film forming time and falling off rate were higher than current flowable concentrate for seed coating,and could control and adjust the active ingredient release rate of flowable concentrate for seed coating.
Key words chitosan;flowable concentrate for seed coating;film-forming property;effect
懸浮种衣剂中成膜剂的主要功能是在种子表面形成有效活性成分的包裹层,该包裹薄膜有一定的缓控释作用。壳聚糖属于当前使用较为广泛的甲壳素衍生物。甲壳素又称为几丁质,在自然界中大量存在[1],其可食用、安全性高,可以生物降解,对环境友好,在各领域中用途广泛,其优良的特性使其成为优质的应用材料。
悬浮种衣剂主要由农药原药、润湿剂、成膜剂、乳化剂、增稠剂等相关助剂加工制成,可包覆在种子表面,从而形成通透性优良、具有相应强度及保护性的农药制剂[2]。由于其突出的生态环境友好特性,安全性方面显著优于传统药剂,也是实现种子产业化的有效措施[3-4]。悬浮种衣剂的缺点是药效维持时间短,药效发挥不均,从而导致大量有效成分流失。本研究开展壳聚糖和棉花悬浮种衣剂剂量配比试验,以期实现延长悬浮种衣剂有效成分持效期,减少有效成分的流失,减少悬浮种衣剂中杀虫剂、杀菌剂的使用量,对生态保护和人体健康起到积极的保护作用[5-7]。……