低速电动汽车太阳能充电装置的设计与实现

2017-05-09 23:44:45吕燚邓春健邹昆
现代电子技术 2017年8期

吕燚+邓春健+邹昆

摘 要:为了满足低速电动汽车中增加太阳能电池充电装置,并实现最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)的需求,设计并实现一套专用的太阳能电池充电控制系统。首先介绍该行业的应用背景和设计需求,然后从系统结构、电源拓扑、升压电路和功率检测等方面详细阐述系统的硬件设计方案,并着重从高效数据采集方案和MPPT跟踪算法等方面介绍软件设计思路,最后给出了效率测试和MPPT效果测试方案。实际应用证明,该设计方案跟踪效率高,性价比高,长期运行稳定可靠。

关键词: 低速电动汽车; 太阳能电池; MPPT; 电流检测

中图分类号: TN212?34; TP393.04 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2017)08?0176?04

Design and implementation of solar energy charging device for low?speed electric vehicle

L? Yi1, DENG Chunjian1, 2, ZOU Kun1, 2

(1. Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan 528402, China;

2. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610500, China)

Abstract: In order to add the solar battery charging device in the electric vehicle and realize the maxim power point tracking (MPPT), a specialized solar battery charging control system was designed and implemented. The application background and design requirement of this industry are introduced briefly. The hardware design scheme of the system is described in detail in the aspects of the system structure, power supply topology, boosted circuit and power detection. The software design thought is introduced in the aspects of high?efficiency data acquisition scheme and MPPT algorithm. The schemes of the efficiency test and MPPT effect test are given. The practical application results show that the design scheme has high tracking efficiency, high cost performance, and stable and reliable long?term operation.

Keywords: low?speed electric vehicle; solar power battery; maximum power point tracking; current detection

0 引 言

低速电动汽车的发展一直备受争议,但是近年来伴随着新能源汽车的发展浪潮,低速电动汽车受到了专家学者、相关企业和各级地方政府的广泛关注[1?2]。2015年众多地方政府出台相关管理政策,允许小型电动车合法上牌。虽然目前国家层面的政策还没有出台,但伴随着技术的不断成熟和市场认可度的提升,终于在2015年低速电动汽车产销量出现了爆发式增长,被称为产品元年。中国工程院院士杨裕生在2015节能与新能源汽车产业发展规划成果展览会上提出我国应该量力而行,制定标准,积极发展低速微型车。

低速电动汽车目前普遍采用72 V或64 V的铅酸蓄电池,如果能为其增加太阳能充电装置,将有效增加其单次充电续航里程,提高产品竞争力[3?4]。本系统以此为切入点,针对72 V车型,设计了……

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